Biology Paper 1 Cells
- Created by: benitaxx
- Created on: 14-02-18 15:59
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- Cells
- Animal Cell
- Nucleus
- Controls the activity of the cell
- Cytoplasm
- Where the chemical reactions take place in a cell
- Cell membrane
- Controls what goes in and out of the cell
- Ribosomes
- Where protein synthesis occurs
- Mitochondria
- Creates energy via aerobic respiration
- Nucleus
- Plant cell
- Nucleus
- Controls the activity of the cell
- Cytoplasm
- Where the chemical reactions take place
- Mitochondria
- Where energy is produced via aerobic respiration
- Ribosomes
- Where protein synthesis occurs
- Vacuole
- Contains cell sap-supports plant
- Cell wall
- made of cellulose-strengthens cell
- cell membrane
- Controls what goes in and out of the cell
- Chloroplasts
- where photosynthesis takes place
- Nucleus
- Bacteria Cells
- Cell wall
- Flaggella
- A tail that helps bacteria move
- Nucleoid
- Circular DNA because it's a prokaryotic cell
- Plasmids
- Also contain genetic infor
- Cytoplasm
- Specialised cells
- Nerve cells
- Lots of dendrites-allow it to make connections with other cells
- Lots of mitochondria giving it the energy needed to carry the nerve impulse
- Nerve ending has special synapses which allow chemicals to transfer
- Sperm Cells
- Tail to propel sperm to the egg
- Mitochondria provide energy for their journey
- Nucleus contains one set of genetic material
- Acrosome contains enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate egg
- Muscle Cells
- Protien fibres that contract
- Mitochondria to provide energy
- Root hair cell
- Lots of mitochondria for active transport
- Long projection to increase surface area to absorb minerals
- Xylem
- Cells are arranged end to end but end walls hollowed to make tubes
- Cell wall is strengthened by a substance called lignin
- Pholem
- End walls of cell allow sugars through but support tubes
- Arranged end to end in tubes
- Nerve cells
- Investigating Cells
- Electron Microscope
- Expensive
- magnify up to 2000,000
- resolving power-0.2 NM apart
- Can only look at dead things
- Light microscope
- Magnify up to 2000 times
- Resolving power-200nm apart
- Can use living samples
- Can see in colour
- Magnification=image size/object size
- Electron Microscope
- Cell Division
- Mitosis is where each cell divides into two identical cells
- Each cell starts with two pairs of chromosomes
- Each chromosome replicates it's self
- One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides
- Cell membrane and cytoplasm divide to form 2 identical daughter cells
- One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides
- Each chromosome replicates it's self
- Each cell starts with two pairs of chromosomes
- Mitosis is important for: repairing damaged tissues, growth and repair of multi cellular organisms and asexual reproduction
- Mitosis is where each cell divides into two identical cells
- Transport in and out of cells
- Diffusion
- The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- Factors affecting diffusion are: temperature, concentration gradient and surface area
- digested food molecules from small intestine diffuse into blood
- Osmosis
- The diffusion of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane
- Always involves movement of water
- Required practical-see how much water potatoes gain or loose through osmosis with different concentrations of sugar solutions
- Active transport
- Moves substances against the concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to low concentration
- Requires energy from respiration
- Allows mineral ions to be absorbed into plant root hairs
- Allows sugar molecules to be absorbed from lower concentrations in the gut, into the blood
- Diffusion
- Animal Cell
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