Cells
- Created by: Elodie Dow
- Created on: 01-06-17 20:38
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- Cells
- Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes
- Includes all animal and plant cells
- Eukaryotes are often complex
- Prokaryotes
- Smaller than Eukaryotes.
- Single celled organisms
- Simpler than a Eukaryote
- Eukaryotes
- Animal Cells
- Nucleus, genetic material.
- Cytoplasm, where most reactions take place.
- Cell Membrane, holds the cell together and controls what comes in and out.
- Mitochondria, most aerobic respiration takes place.
- Ribosomes, where proteins are made.
- Plant cell
- Has usually all the other parts that animal cells have.
- Cell wall made out of cellulose. Supports and strengthens the cell
- Vacuole, contains cell sap, a weak solution including sugar and salts.
- Where photosynthes-is takes place.
- Microscopy
- Microscopes allows to see things we can't see with our eyes.
- Light Microscopes allows us to see a cluster of cells or a singular cell.
- To calculate magnification: Magnification = Image Size / Real Size
- An onion cell is good to look at under a standard microscope. You can usually see the nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm and get the magnification of the cell.
- Cell differentiation & specialisation.
- Differentation is the process of which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
- The ability to different is often lost in an early stage in an animal cell after they become specialised. This may be the opposite for some plant cells.
- An example of a specialised cell is a nerve cell. Made for rapid signalling which carries electrical signals.
- Chromosomes
- Chromosomes have 23 pairs in a human cell
- Body cells usually have two copies of each chromosome. One from the mother and one from the father.
- Body cells in multicellularorganisms divide to create new cells. This is in a cycle called a cell cycle.
- Stem Cell
- Undifferentiated cells are called stream cells which can divide and produce a lot more undifferentiat-ed cells.
- Stem cells are usually found in certain places for example the bone marrow.
- Stem cells can only turn into certain cells and not specialised ones.
- They are used to help cure diseases. For example, replacing faulty blood cells and insulin producing cells.
- Transport
- Hairs on the plant roots absorbs water and minerals
- Root hairs take in minerals using active transport.
- We use active transport. It allows the nutrients to be taken into the blood. Glucose can be taken into the bloodstream when its higher in the gut. It will then be transported into the cells.
- Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
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