Cell Structure
- Created by: AbbieLouise28
- Created on: 16-10-14 08:41
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- Cell Structure
- Ultrastructure
- Plant Cell
- cell wall
- vacuole
- chloroplasts
- chloroplast envelope- double membrane, folded
- controls entry and exit of substances in the chloroplast
- chloroplast envelope- double membrane, folded
- Animal Cell
- microtubule
- vesicle
- mitochondrion
- double membrane
- responsible for production of ATP
- lysosome
- golgi apparatus
- occurs in almost all eukaryotic cells
- acts as the cell's post office
- cell membrane
- ribosome
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- nuleolus
- nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- cytoplasm
- centriole
- Plant Cell
- Membranes
- composed of a phospholipid bilayer
- hydrophobic inner
- hydrophilic inner
- also include 2 major macromolecules
- lipids
- acts as a recognition site for specific chemicals
- proteins
- carbohydrate chains attached to extrinsic proteins
- act as recognition sites for hormones and neurotransmitters
- lipids
- the fluid mosaic model shows the membrane structure
- Transport
- Facilitated diffusion
- passive process, relying only on KE of the molecules
- channel proteins
- these allow water-soluble molecules, glucose and amino acids, to pass
- channels are selective
- carrier proteins
- binds to a specific protein when present
- which causes a change in shape
- no use of external energy
- binds to a specific protein when present
- from high concentration to low
- doesn't use ATP
- diffusion
- example of passive transport
- the motion is random
- rate of diffusion is affected by
- the area over which diffusion takes place
- larger the area, the faster the rate of diffusion
- the concentration gradient
- the greater the difference in the gradient, the faster the diffusion occurs
- the distance over which diffusion occurs
- shorter distance, the faster rate of diffusion
- the area over which diffusion takes place
- osmosis
- special form of diffusion
- passage of water from a region where it has a higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane
- water potential
- measured in units of pressure
- standard is 0
- addition of a solute will reduce its water potential
- the value must always be less than 0
- solute potential
- addition of a solute will reduce its water potential
- the change in water potential as a consequence of solute molecules is called solute potential
- pressure potential
- resistance of the entry of water
- Facilitated diffusion
- cholesterol
- stabilises the membrane, necessary in the absence of a cell wall
- hydrophobic, so key in preventing leakages
- pull together fatty acids, limiting their movement
- composed of a phospholipid bilayer
- Ultrastructure
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