Cell structure and function
- Created by: holly_megan
- Created on: 11-12-19 10:25
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- Cell structure and function
- Cell definition
- Fundamental unit of all living organisms
- Made up of a collection of molecules
- Size and shape varies depending on cell's specialised functions
- In order to survive, must carry out variety of functions
- Cell functions
- Respiration: cells require and absorb oxygen to produce heat and energy
- Growth: cells grow to maturity by manufacturing proteins. they may then divide or specialise
- Excretion: waste products pass out through the cell membrane
- Irritability: cells can respond to a physical, chemical or thermal stimulus
- Cell structure
- Cell membrane
- outer coating which selectively transports substances into and out of the cell
- Nucleus
- control centre of the cell
- regulates general and specialist functions
- Ribosomes
- made of RNA and protein
- manufacture other proteins
- Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- manufactures, stores and transports materials within and outside of the cell
- mitochondria
- supply the cell's energy source
- centrioles
- essential for cell division
- lysosomes
- contain enzymes which digest worn our parts of the cell for recycling and elimination of waster products
- Golgi apparatus
- modifies and stores manufactured protein and transports it out of the cell
- Cell membrane
- Cell division
- human cells reproduce by mitosis
- chromosomes and centrioles replicate
- Cell then divides into two identical daughter cells
- Nucleic acids
- DNA carries the cell's genes as chromosomes
- Genes are coded "instructions" for making proteins and for cell function
- All three types of RNA are involved in the decoding (transcription) of DNA to make proteins
- DNA carries the cell's genes as chromosomes
- Enzymes
- protein catalysts that enable metabolic reactions at low temps
- involved in all the cell functions of respiration, growth, excretion and irritaility
- Cell definition
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