Biology Book 1:Cell Structure

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  • Created by: umar2312
  • Created on: 25-04-17 21:51
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  • Cell Structure
    • The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the "building blocks of life".
    • Cell Membrane
      • Cell Wall
        • Nucleus
          • Vacuole
            • Ribosome
              • Chloroplast
                • Mitochondrion
                  • Plasmid
                    • Bacteria
                    • Circular pieces of DNA
                  • Plant
                    • Animals
                      • Fungi
                  • Break down food into ATP
                • Plant
                • Sites of photosynthesis
              • Plant
                • Animals
                  • Fungi
                    • Bacteria
              • Site of protein synthesis
            • Plant
              • Fungi
            • Stores Water and chemicals
              • GIves support to cell
          • Plant
            • Animals
              • Fungi
          • Contains the DNA, the brain of the cell.
        • Plant
          • Fungi
            • Bacteria
        • Provides strength and support to the cell.
      • Plant
        • Animals
          • Fungi
            • Bacteria
      • Controls entry and exit of substances.
    • Single celled organisms are organisms that are made of one cell, which contains all the organelle
    • Multi cellular organisms such as plants and animals have more than one cell type.
      • All the required functions are divided up between gorups of cells and each group is specialised to carry out one job particularly well. (specialisation)
        • Muscle Cells
          • Blood Cells
            • Phloem Cell
              • Xylem Cell
                • Root Hair Cells
                  • Their job is to absorb water.
                    • They have adapted to have a large surface area and absorb more water.
                • Their job is to transport water.
                  • It is shaped like a hollow tube to allow water to travel from the roots to the plant.
              • Their job is to transport food in plants.
                • It has adapted to be shaped like a sieve to allow glucose to pass from cell to cell
            • Their job is to transport oxygen.
              • It has adapted to have a large Surface Area
          • Their job is to perform movements.
            • It has adapted to contract and expand.
      • System
        • Organ
        • Organ
    • Stem cells are special cells that have the potential to turn into any type of specialised cell.
      • Embryonic Stem Cells
        • These stem cells come from embryos that are three to five days old. At this stage, an embryo is called a blastocyst and has about 150 cells.
      • Adult Stem Cells
        • These stem cells are found in small numbers in most adult tissues, such as bone marrow or fat. Compared with embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells have a more limited ability to give rise to various cells of the body.
      • Stem cells are important for the development of the human body. They help with the growth and repair of cells.
    • In plant cells, division with mitosis only occurs in certain areas called growing points of meristem.
      • Meristem are found at the tips of the roots and shoots of the plant and in between the phloem and xylem tissues
      • The cells in the meristem have the ability to divide over and over again to produce non-specialised cells.

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