Bio - Cell Division
- Created by: caitlinpm
- Created on: 18-06-17 17:51
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- Cell division
- Chromosomes
- Nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes, made of DNA
- Different genes contain the code to make different proteins
- Therefore they control the development of different characteristics
- Chromosomes in body cells are found in pairs
- Humans have 23 pairs
- Dogs have 39 pairs
- Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
- Mitosis
- Cell divides into two identical cells
- Used for
- Growth and development of multicellular organisms
- Repairing damaged tissues
- Asexual reproduction
- During mitosis
- 1) One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell
- 2) The nucleus divides
- 3) The cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form two identical cells
- 2) The nucleus divides
- Mitosis diagram
- 1) One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell
- Before a cell can divide, it needs to grow and increase the number of sub-cellular structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria
- The DNA then replicates to form two copies of each chromosome
- Cell Cycle
- DNA is copied and new chromosomes are made
- Mitosis
- Each cell grows and makes new sub-cellular structures
- DNA is copied and new chromosomes are made
- Mitosis
- Each cell grows and makes new sub-cellular structures
- Each cell grows and makes new sub-cellular structures
- Mitosis
- DNA is copied and new chromosomes are made
- Each cell grows and makes new sub-cellular structures
- Mitosis
- DNA is copied and new chromosomes are made
- Mitosis
- Stem Cells
- Stem cells are undifferentiated cells
- This means they can divide to make different types of cells
- Stem cells are found in human embryos, the umbilical cord of a new born baby, and in some organs and tissues
- Embryonic stem cells can make all types of cells
- Adult stem cells are found some organs and tissues e.g. bone marrow
- Their capacity to divide is limited and they can only make some cells
- Stem cells are undifferentiated cells
- Uses of Stem Cells
- Stem cells can be very important in treating conditions where cells are damaged, such as diabetes or paralysis
- They can used to replace the damaged cells
- A cloned embryo of the patient may be made and used a source of stem cells
- This is called therapeutic cloning
- These cells will not be rejected by the patient's body, so they can be very useful in treatment
- People are concerned abut using therapeutic cloning
- There may be risks, such as the transfer of viral infection
- Ethical or religious objection
- In plants, stem cells are found in meristems
- These help the plant make new cells for growth
- This can be useful for:
- Rare species can cloned to protect them from extinction
- Cloning large numbers of plants with special features such as disease resistance
- Stem cells can be very important in treating conditions where cells are damaged, such as diabetes or paralysis
- Chromosomes
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