mitosis and meiosis

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  • DNA
    • Encodes the amino acids in a protein
    • Unique to everyone
    • Tightly wound in to chromosomes
      • Humans have 23 pairs of chromosome
        • Two copies of every gene
          • Alleles are different versions of genes
      • Chromosome have hundreds of genes
        • Genes are in chromosome
        • Genes are short sections of DNA
      • Chromosome are found in the nucleus of the cell
    • DNA has a double helix structure
      • MITOSIS 1,1*,2
        • Human cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes
          • All chromosomes are copied
            • Splits in to 2 genetically identical cells
            • Splits in to 2 genetically identical cells
              • Correct number of chromosomes per daughter cell
        • This happens during growth replacement, repair of cells and in asexual reproduction
    • Gametes are sperm(testes) and egg cells(ovaries)
      • They are NOT paired they are singular.
      • MEIOSIS   1,1*, 2,4
        • Human cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes
          • All chromosomes are copied
            • Splits in to 2 genetically identical cells
              • Splits in to 2 cells with only single chromosomes called gametes
              • Splits in to 2 cells with only single chromosomes called gametes
            • Splits in to 2 genetically identical cells
              • Splits in to 2 cells with only single chromosomes called gametes
              • Splits in to 2 cells with only single chromosomes called gametes
      • Fertilisation is where a sperm joins with an egg.
        • SPERM 23 single chromosomes
          • Fertilise and become 23 pairs of chromosomes
        • EGG 23 single chromosomes

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