Geography Case Study - Nigeria - Mindmap in GCSE Geography

Created by: salterl
Created on: 22-02-17 18:10

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Case Study - Nigeria
- TNCs
  - Shell oil
    - positives of specifically Shell
      - major contribution to taxes
        therefore, health care improves and many of the development factors because the government can spend the money on improving them.
        benefits the economy because their is more healthy working age people
      - contributes to export revenue
      - provides direct employment for 65000 Nigerian workers
        and further 250000 jobs in related indusries
        This means their is more employment due to shell oil in Nigeria which means less poverty and more disposable income.
        thus, Nigeria develops
      - supports the growth of Nigeria's energy sector.
    - negatives of specifically Shell
      - oil spills cause water pollution and soil degradation.
        reduces agriculture
      - frequent oil flares send toxic fumes into the air
      - oil theft and sabotage
        some Nigerian workers believe that shell oil is using their resources and sending the profits elsewhere not helping their country
        
        10% of the deltas oil is stolen and the government doesn't do anything to stop it.
      - little profits go back into the people
        adds to their fustration
        oil theft and sabotage
        some Nigerian workers believe that shell oil is using their resources and sending the profits elsewhere not helping their country
        
        10% of the deltas oil is stolen and the government doesn't do anything to stop it.
      - when the oil runs out( approx. 50 years) Shell will leave and cause a redundency
      - corrupt politicians can refine the oil to benefit from it
      - causes pollution
  - about 40 TNCs operate in Nigeria many of them have their head quarters in europe or the USA
  - advantages of TNCs
    - employment and denelopment of new skills
    - more money is spent on the economy
    - investment by companies into education and local infrastructure
    - other local companies benefit by higher demand
    - value export revenues are earned
  - disadvantages of TNC's
    - workers are sometimes poorly paid
    - working conditions are sometimes very poor
    - management jobs aren't always available to the natives
    - lots of profit generated goes abroad
  - Unilever
    - produces soap from locally sourced palm oil
      - cheap to get in
    - provides direct employment for 1500 Nigerian workers
    - Aims at the growing Nigerian market to improve people quality of life
    - has high standards of employment and environmental stewardship
    - promoted improvements in education health care and water supply
  - stands for TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATION
  - they locate in foreign countries to take advantage of: tax incentives, cheaper labour, laxer environmental laws, access to a wider market.
- Nigeria is a country is west Africa located north of the equator and south of the tropic of cancer.
  - It is hot and wet most of the year but in the north there is a long dry season.
  - extends from the gulf of guinea
    - better trade links
  - the north of the country is a lot less developed as it is battling with desertification
    - the area has a lot lower GDP and a lower percentage of girls attend school
- resources
  - crude oil
    - from the Niger Delta
    - encouraged foreign investment
  - cotton
  - cocoa
  - palm oil
  - ground nuts
  - the majority of the exports are raw materials which often have low prices and more supply than demand
    - however, manufacturers are attracted to the country for the cheap raw materials and low labour costs
- environmental impact of development
  - pollution
    - visual
      - many manufacturing plants are visually unappealing
    - noise
      - many plants produce noise
      - traffic from transporting the raw materials and goods creates noise pollution and congestion on the roads
    - air
      - fumes released by the manufacturing plants pollute the air contributing to global warming
        these cause respiratory and heart problems
        toxic fumes are released from oil flares
        
        which affects the population costing the country in health care and lack of employees
      - toxic fumes are released from oil flares
    - water
      - oil spills can pollute the water
      - water channels and open drains are the most affected by water pollution
  - desertification
    - mainly affects the north
      - makes the land barren and difficult to live on
- changing job sectors
  - Nigerian work used to mainly be in agriculture and a little in services and industry
    - this is mainly poorly paid and the workers probably lived hand to mouth
  - now the work has shifted to industry and services.
    - this is because of machines replacing people in agriculture and TNCs moving to the country
location and climate
visual
- many manufacturing plants are visually unappealing