Water on the Land Case Studies Mind Map
- Created by: SidneyTucker
- Created on: 31-01-17 12:49
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- Case Studies for Water on the Land
- Cumbria 2009 Flood
- CAUSES
- already saturated ground so the additional rain flowed as surface run off straight into rivers
- The steep slopes of the Cumbrian Mountains helped the water to run very rapidly into the river
- already saturated ground so the additional rain flowed as surface run off straight into rivers
- EFFECTS
- Over 1,300 homes were flooded and contaminted with sewage
- Four bridges collapsed and 12 were closed because of flood damage.
- One man died- P.C. Bill Barker
- Insurance companies estimated that the final cost of the floor could reach £100 million
- One man died- P.C. Bill Barker
- Four bridges collapsed and 12 were closed because of flood damage.
- Over 1,300 homes were flooded and contaminted with sewage
- RESPONSES
- The Cumbria Flood Recovery Fund was set up to help victims. It reached £1 million after just 10 days
- The government provided £1 million to help with clean up and agreed to pay for road&bridge repairs in Cumbria
- The Cumbria Flood Recovery Fund was set up to help victims. It reached £1 million after just 10 days
- FUTURE MANAGEMENT STRATERGIES
- £4.4 million management scheme
- CAUSES
- Pakistan 2010 Flood
- EFFECTS
- At least 1,600 people died
- Whole villages were swept away and over 70,000 homes were destroyed
- 5000 miles of roads and railways were washed away along with 1,000 bridges
- Hundreds of thousands of Pakistanis were displaced and many suffered from malnutrition and a lack of clean water
- 5000 miles of roads and railways were washed away along with 1,000 bridges
- Whole villages were swept away and over 70,000 homes were destroyed
- At least 1,600 people died
- CAUSES
- At the end of July unusually heavy monsoon rains in northwest Pakistan caused rivers to flood and burst their banks
- Monsoon rains were forecast to continue into early August and were described as the worst in the area in the last 80 years.
- At the end of July unusually heavy monsoon rains in northwest Pakistan caused rivers to flood and burst their banks
- RESPONSES
- Foreign Governments donated millions of dollars and SaudI Arabia&the USA promised $600 million in flood aid. But many people felt that the richer governments didn't do enough to help
- Many charities and aid agencies tried to help, including the Red Crescent and Medecins Sans Frontieres
- Foreign Governments donated millions of dollars and SaudI Arabia&the USA promised $600 million in flood aid. But many people felt that the richer governments didn't do enough to help
- FUTURE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
- Re build schools on higher ground
- Plant trees along river banks
- Plant flood resistant crops and build shelters for livestock
- Teach people how to swim, cross rivers safely and teach children first aid
- Plant flood resistant crops and build shelters for livestock
- Plant trees along river banks
- Re build schools on higher ground
- EFFECTS
- Water Transfer Scheme, Lake Vyrnwy Wales
- ECONOMIC EFFECTS
- The construction of this reservoir has created many jobs and income as a result of:
- SOCIAL EFFECTS
- 2 chaoels, 3 inns, 10 farmhouses, and 37 houses were lost under the resevoir when the damn was constructed
- ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
- The surrounding area has been designated as a National Nature Reserve, a Site of Specific Scientific Interest, a Special Protection Area and a Area of Conservation
- This has encouraged many species to build the habitat in this location making it a very rare and biodiverse hotspot
- The surrounding area has been designated as a National Nature Reserve, a Site of Specific Scientific Interest, a Special Protection Area and a Area of Conservation
- ECONOMIC EFFECTS
- Water stress in the UK
- Why has water demand increased in the UK?
- A more affluent (financially better off) llifestyle increases the demand for water e.g. dishwashers (use more water then hand washing), Jacuzzis, spas ect.
- Increased number of households and population in certain areas
- The demand for foodstuffs e.g. salads, fruit and vegetables out of season, which need to be washed and cooked i.e. increasing the use of water
- Increased number of households and population in certain areas
- A more affluent (financially better off) llifestyle increases the demand for water e.g. dishwashers (use more water then hand washing), Jacuzzis, spas ect.
- Problem/ general context
- Water stress which is when the amount of water does not meet that required
- This is the case in the North West of England where water supply exceeds demand and in the South East where demand exceeds supply
- Environmental Causes: heavy annual rainfall, less evaporation (in the Summer)
- Human causes: more resevoirs, fewer larger cities and less demand for farming
- Water stress which is when the amount of water does not meet that required
- Traditional solutions to the problem of areas with water deficit
- Transferring the collected water by pipeline to the main areas of water deficit, i.e. the major cities of the Midlands and South
- Constructing reservoirs in the north and west of the country to collect as much rainfall as possible. Famous reservoir schemes include Lake Vyrnwy in Wales
- Extracting as much water as possible from the equifers (underground water) of SE England
- Hard engineering- The three Gorges Dam
- Negative impacts
- Over 150 towns and 4500 thousand villlages will be flooded displacing people from their homes
- The lake which will be created could become very polluted from industrial waste
- 1.3 million people will be forced to move. Newspaper articles in China have admitted that so far over $30 million of the funds set aside for has been taken by corrupt local officials
- The river landscape will be forever changed
- Positive impacts
- Create thousands of jobs
- Protect precious formland from flooding
- Provide 10% of China's electricity through HEP
- Increase tourism along the river
- Create thousands of jobs
- Negative impacts
- Why has water demand increased in the UK?
- Cumbria 2009 Flood
- New embankments raise the channel height to reduce liklihood of extra floods
- River dredged more regularly to deepen the channel
- £4.4 million management scheme
- Plant trees along river banks
- Plant flood resistant crops and build shelters for livestock
- Teach people how to swim, cross rivers safely and teach children first aid
- Plant flood resistant crops and build shelters for livestock
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