Organic Chemistry - Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids and Esters
- Created by: StarlightSprinkle
- Created on: 17-02-18 11:53
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- Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Alcohols
- CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
- -COOH functional group
- Unlike alcohols, carboxylic acids contain a double bond between a carbon and oxygen atom, which makes all carboxylic acids unsaturated - this is why esters can be produced by reacting an alcohol and a carboxylic acid together.
- Can be produced by the oxidation of an alcohol (since an alcohol has a OH functional group and a carboxylic acid has a COOH functional group)
- _______oic acid
- Can be used in soap and in the food industry
- -COOH functional group
- ESTERS
- -COO functional group
- Can be produced by reacting an alcohol and ester together (or by extracting an ester from a fruit)
- _____yl _______oate
- Can be used to make plastic (polyester) and purfumes
- Multiple ester molecules can be bonded together to form polyester (condensation polymerisation, since water is also produced in this reaction)
- ALCOHOLS
- -OH functional group
- Can be produced either by fermentation or by hydration of ethene
- Fermentation pros - easy-to-do, plants are renewable, low amount of energy needed, cons - takes a very long time to make; not good for industry
- Hydration of ethene pros - no waste products formed, fast and efficient process, cons - crude oil (from which ethene is extracted) is non-renewable, process requires a lot of energy (300°C, 60atm)
- ______ol
- Can be used in alcoholic drinks or as fuel
- All have a functional group and, in complete combustion, produce carbon dioxide and water.
- In incomplete combustion, carbon and/or carbon monoxide can be produced, and impurities in hydrocarbons can cause sulphur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide to form.
- Carbon dioxide contributes to global warming and sulphur or nitrogen dioxide to acid rain.
- In incomplete combustion, carbon and/or carbon monoxide can be produced, and impurities in hydrocarbons can cause sulphur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide to form.
- Test yourself on this topic by clicking on the arrow on this bubble
- CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
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