Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

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  • Carbohydrates
    • monosaccharides
      • glucose
        • alpha
        • beta
        • C6H12O6
      • galactose
      • fructose
      • ribose
      • single molecule
      • CH20
      • triose
      • used as a source of energy in respiration
        • carbon-hydrogen bonds are broken to release energy
          • energy is transferred to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
      • act as building blocks for larger molecules
    • disaccharides
      • glucose + glucose = maltose
      • glucose + galactose = lactose
      • glucose + fructose = sucrose
        • non-reducing sugar
      • glycosidic bonds
      • C12H22O11
      • condensation reaction
      • sucrose = non-reducing sugar
    • polysaccharides
      • starch
        • amylose
          • 1,4 - glycosidic bond
          • spiral structure
        • amylopectin
          • 1,6 - glycosidic bonds
          • long branched structure
        • grains
        • insoluble energy store of glucose
      • glycogen
        • alpha glucose
        • 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
        • very branched structure/ short
        • granules
        • insoluble compact energy store of glucose
      • cellulose
        • beta glucose
        • long chains cross linked together by H bonds
        • fibres
        • 1,4 - glycosidic bonds
        • 1,4 - glycosidic bonds
        • structural polysaccharide
      • chitin
        • beta glucosamine
        • structure is similar to cellulose but with more H bonds
        • strong fibres
        • 1,4 - glycosidic bonds
        • structural polysaccharide
    • Cn(H2O)n
  • act as building blocks for larger molecules

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