carbohydrates
- Created by: sahara_
- Created on: 25-03-14 20:55
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- carbohydrates
- organic compounds containing the elements oxygen, hydrogen and carbon
- monosacharides
- general formula (CH20)n
- glucose is a hexose sugar and contains the formula C6H12O6
- glucose exists as two isomers
- ALPHA
- BETA
- glucose exists as two isomers
- functions include: used as a source of energy in respiration
- act as building blocks for larger molecules e.g: glucose is used to make starch and cellulose
- dissaccharides
- TWO monosaccharide units linked together with formation of a glycosidic bond and elimination of water - CONDENSATION REACTION
- a glucose + a glucose = maltose
- glucose + galactose = lactose
- glucose + fructose = sucrose
- glucose + galactose = lactose
- storage and transport
- polysaccharides
- STARCH = storage molecule
- made up of alpha glucose molecules held together and comprises of amylopectin and amylose
- amylose: 1-4 glycosidic bonds and is linear (unbranched)
- amylopectin: 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds and is highly branched
- readily hydrolysed to alpha glucose which is soluble and can be transported to areas where energy is needed
- made up of alpha glucose molecules held together and comprises of amylopectin and amylose
- CELLULOSE = structural poly
- long chains of parallel beta glucose molecules cross linked by hydrogen bonds
- between 60-70 cellulose molecules cross linked to form microfibrils - these are held in bundles called fibres - fibres run in diff directions to increase strength
- CHITIN
- Strong waterproof and lightweight to form exoskeleton of insects
- has amino acids added to form muco poly
- STARCH = storage molecule
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