Carbohydrates
- Created by: Lois Maxwell
- Created on: 25-02-14 18:52
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- Carbohydrates
- Structure
- Simple carbohydrates are called monosaccharides
- All monosaccharides have similar properties: soluble in water, sweet tasting and form crystals
- Disaccharides are made by joining monosaccharides together in a condensation reaction
- A glycosidic bond is formed, and water is eliminated
- In hydrolysis, a water molecule is used to break the glycosidic bond
- Glucose
- In alpha glucose, the OH at C1 is below the plane of the ring; in beta glucose, the OH at C1 is above the plane of the ring
- Simple carbohydrates are called monosaccharides
- Function
- Source of energy
- Don't dissolve, so the stored glucose doesn't affect the water potential of the cells
- Store energy
- Holds glucose molecules in chains so they can be easily broken off from the ends to provide glucose for respiration when required
- Provide structure
- Source of energy
- Polysaccharides
- Amylose
- Formed from alpha glucose molecules with 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- Chains of amylose coil to form a long spiral helix, which makes it quite compact
- Found in plant cells
- Cellulose
- Formed from beta glucose molecules with 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- Lie straight and form hydrogen bonds with adjacent molecules - forms bundles called fibrils (larger fibrils are fibres) - therefore structurally strong
- Forms plant cells
- Glycogen
- Made up of alpha glucose molecules with 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- Also has branches of 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- Not very tightly coiled, and are quite short
- Found in the liver and muscles where it is broken down into glucose and used as a source of energy
- Made up of alpha glucose molecules with 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- Amylose
- Structure
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