Biological molecules
Biological molecules
- Created by: elen roberts
- Created on: 26-04-13 18:21
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- Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharide-glucose
- Disaccharides
- Formed when 2 monosaccharides join by a glycosidic donned in a condensation reaction
- Glucose + glucose = maltose
- Formed on digestion of starch by amylase
- Glucose + galactose = lactose
- Glucose + fructose = sucrose
- Biological molecules
- Lipids
- Tryglycerides
- Glycerol and fatty acid
- One molecule joins with three fatty acids by ester bonds in a condensation reaction, producing the bi-product water
- Used for storage, insulation and protection as they are insoluble
- Double bond - unsaturated. High melting point
- no double bond - saturated. low melting point
- Glycerol and fatty acid
- Phospholipids
- Phosphate - head. hydrophilic
- Glycerol
- Tryglycerides
- Amino acids
- Make up proteins
- Joined by peptide bonds
- Dipeptide
- Tripeptide
- Polypeptide
- Joined by peptide bonds
- Structure
- Basic amino group
- Variable R group
- Hydrogen atom
- Make up proteins
- Proteins
- Primary structure - order of amino acids
- Secondary structure
- held together by hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and amino groups
- Alphs sheet
- helix held by hydrogen bonds, very strong and stable.
- Beta sheet
- zijg zag sheet of antiparallelle strands
- Tertiary structure
- Compact globular structure of floded up peptide chain
- Each is unique and the tertiary structure determines function and properties
- Bonds form between R group and amino acid group
- Hydrogen bonds
- Sulphur bridges - Covalent bonds
- Compact globular structure of floded up peptide chain
- Quaternary structure
- Arrangement of different chains
- Biochemical tests
- Starch
- Iodine
- Blue/Black
- Lipids
- 1: Ethanol
- 2: Shake, then transfer liquid into a different container with water
- 3: Cloudy
- Protein
- Biuret solutiom
- Lilac/purple
- Reducing sugars
- 1: Benidicts
- 2: Shake and heat at 95
- 3: Change in colour, different destiny shows different amounts. semi-quantative
- Non-reducing sugars
- 1: Boil with dilute hydrochloric acid to break hydrogen bonds
- 2: add solid sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutrilise
- 3: Test for reducing sugars
- Starch
- Lipids
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