Carbohydrates
- Created by: selen.
- Created on: 22-04-15 17:49
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- carbohydrates
- Potential Energy Store
- Glycogen (animals)
- consists of alpha glucose
- BRANCHED b/c of 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds (more 1-6 than 1-4)
- Properties
- Less dense than starch but sitll energy dense
- Insoluble so good method of storing glucose
- consists of alpha glucose
- Starch (plants)
- 2 components: amylose & amylopectin
- Amylopectin: 1-4 & 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- Therefore has a BRANCHED structure
- Amylose: alpha glucose attached in 1-4 glycosidic bond
- coiled into HELIX, held together by H-bonds
- Amylopectin: 1-4 & 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- Properties
- Insoluble, so is excellent method of storing glucose
- V. energy dense b/c of coiled amylose
- 2 components: amylose & amylopectin
- Glycogen (animals)
- Disaccharides
- Two monosaccharides joined together
- It is a condestaion reaction in which water is released
- Two or more disaccharides
- The bond formed is a glycosidic bond
- When the bond breaks it is a hydrolisis reaction which needs water and an enzyme
- It is a condestaion reaction in which water is released
- Two monosaccharides joined together
- Monosaccharides
- grouped based on the number of carbons they have4
- 6 carbon chain are hexoses (ring structure)
- e.g. glucose and fructose (C6H12O6) - they are structural isomers
- 6 carbon chain are hexoses (ring structure)
- grouped based on the number of carbons they have4
- Polysaccharides
- Two or more disaccharides
- Examples: Starch, glycogen and cellulose
- Cellulose
- It is a structural carbohydrate
- Polymer of B glucose where every other glucose is rotated 180°
- Bonding
- Glycosidic bonds
- so many OH groups that lots of hydrogen bonds can form
- makes it strong & can withstand pressure in a plant w/o bursting
- Glucose
- Alpha & Beta
- Beta glucose has OH on the top of carbon 5
- Alpha glucose has OH on the bottom of carbon 6
- Properties
- small molecule (able to pass through cell membrane)
- Easily broken down (respiration- release of energy)
- Soluble in water (transport around the body)
- Alpha & Beta
- Potential Energy Store
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