carbohydrates
- Created by: Margaret Hobart
- Created on: 20-04-21 16:54
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- carbohydrates
- polysaccharides
- glucose + glucose = maltose
- glusose + fructose = sucrose
- glucose + galactose = lactose
- disaccharides
- glucose + glucose = maltose
- glusose + fructose = sucrose
- formed by the CONDENSATION of two monosaccharides joined by a GLYCOSIDIC bond
- disaccharides
- polysaccharide s are formed by the CONDENSATION of many glucose units
- glycogen
- animals convert excess glucose into glycogen
- branches -> quick energy release
- starch
- made from ALPHA glucose
- glycogen
- animals convert excess glucose into glycogen
- branches -> quick energy release
- glycogen
- plants convert excess glucose into starch for energy storage
- starch is insoluble and so won't affect water potential - won't cause water to enter cells and swell
- when plants need more energy they convert the starch back into glucose in a hydrolysis reaction
- amylose - unbranched, a-glucose molecules joined by glycosidic bonds (a1-4)
- coiled -> good for storage
- amylopectin - branched, a-glucose molecules joined by a1-6 glycosidic bonds
- side branches make it easier access for enzymes to get to bonds and so glucose released quickly
- made from ALPHA glucose
- cellulose
- made from BETA glucose
- plant cell walls
- unbranched, straight, parallel chains
- linked by strong hydrogen bonds which create microfibrils which provide structural support
- joined via B1-4 glycosidic bonds
- monosaccharides
- glucose
- alpha glucose
- OH on the left is below H
- beta glucose
- alpha glucose
- fructose
- all reducing sugars
- glucose
- alpha glucose
- OH on the left is below H
- beta glucose
- alpha glucose
- galactose
- glucose
- all reducing sugars
- galactose
- monosaccharides are carbohydrate monomers
- glucose
- non-reducing sugars
- add HCL (hydrolyse sugar) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (neutralise) then benedict's test
- tests
- reducing sugars
- benedict's test
- blue -> orange/brown= +
- iodine test for starch
- potassium iodide solution
- brown-> blue/black=+
- reducing sugars
- tests
- reducing sugars
- benedict's test
- blue -> orange/brown= +
- iodine test for starch
- potassium iodide solution
- brown-> blue/black=+
- reducing sugars
- polysaccharides
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