Carbohydrates

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  • Carbohydrate
    • Deficiency
      • Lack of energy, tiredness and fatigue
        • If insufficient carbohydrates have been eaten, glucose levels in the blood drop meaning that body cells will lack energy
          • If this situation continues, the body will use energy stored in fat cells so the person loses weight
      • Weight loss
        • If this situation continues, the body will use energy stored in fat cells so the person loses weight
      • Severe weakness
        • If situation still continues, the body will break down protein in the muscles for energy to power the brain and heart
      • Food Sources
        • Complex Carbohydrate: Polysaccharides
          • Starch: cereals, potatoes, seeds, quinoa
          • Pectin: some fruits & some root veg e.g. oranges & carrots
          • Dextrin: formed when starchy foods are toasted or baked e.g. toast
          • NSP / Dietary Fibre: wholegrain cereals, fruits
        • Sugars: Monosaccharides (one sugar molecule)
          • Glucose: Ripe fruits & veg. Available in tablets.
          • Fructose: fruits, veg and honey
          • Galactose: milk from mammals
        • Sugars: Disaccharides (two sugar molecules)
          • Maltose: cereals such as barley
          • Sucrose: from sugar cane / beet
          • Lactose: Milk from mammals
      • Excess
        • Excess carbohydrates will be stored as fat which could lead to obesity
        • Refined / Processed carbohydrates (e.g. sugary foods) are quickly absorbed by the body
          • Causes rapid rise in blood sugar levels
          • Can put stress on the pancreas which develops insulin
          • Could result in Type 2 Diabetes
        • Eating certain types of sugars can cause tooth decay
      • What is it?
        • A macronutrient
          • Needed by all animals
          • Plants make it using photosynthesis
        • Two main functions
          • Main energy source in our diet
          • Helps the body get rid of waste products
            • NSP is a type of carb that helps produce soft bulky faeces that are easy to pass out of our body
      • DRVs
        • 50% of food energy per day
        • Free sugars (a.k.a. added sugars) no more than 5% of food energy per day
        • Non-starch polysaccharide / dietary fibre varies per age group
          • Adults - at least 30g per day
          • 2-5 years - 15g/day
          • 5-11 years - 20g/day
          • 11-16 years - 25g/day
          • 16-18 years - 30g/day

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