Biology 2.2.3-5 Carbohydrates
- Created by: AabirA
- Created on: 03-04-17 15:30
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- Carbohydrates
- Structural units
- Cellulose
- Tough, insoluble
- Permeable
- Space between macrofibrils
- Permeable
- Straight chains
- Every other monomer inverted
- 1-4 glycosidic bond
- B-glucose
- Hydrogen bonds
- High tensile strength
- 1-4 glycosidic bond
- Stop spiralling
- Within the chain and between chains
- High tensile strength
- 60-70 chains make microfibrils
- 400 microfibrils make macrofibrils
- Embedded in pectins like glue
- Criss-cross the wall for extra strength
- 400 microfibrils make macrofibrils
- Function
- Rigid to act as skeleton
- Prevents bursting when turgid
- Can be made waterproof
- Cutin, suberin, lignin
- Human use
- Cotton is 90% cellulose
- Cellophane, celluloid
- Paper
- Rayon
- Tough, insoluble
- Bacterial cell walls
- Peptidoglycan
- Exoskeletons
- Chitin
- Cellulose
- Energy stores
- Poly-saccharides
- Homopoly-saccharides
- One type of monomer
- Heteropoly-saccharides
- More than one type of monomer
- Homopoly-saccharides
- Glucose poly-saccharide
- Plants
- Starch
- Amylose
- a-glucose
- Bonds carbon 1 and 4
- Glycosidic
- Spiral shape
- Amylopectin
- Bonds carbon 1 and 4
- Also carbon 1 and 6
- Spiral
- Branched
- Bonds carbon 1 and 4
- Amylose
- Starch
- Animals
- Glycogen
- Like amylopectin
- 1-4 and 1-6 bonds
- Smaller 1-4 chains
- Less coiled
- Branched
- Like amylopectin
- Glycogen
- Plants
- Compact
- Branched are more compact
- Branched chains allow more 'snipping'
- Branched are more compact
- Chains so glucose can be easily 'snipped off'
- Hydrolysis
- Branched chains allow more 'snipping'
- Less soluble in water
- Won't effect water potential
- Poly-saccharides
- Contain
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Sugar
- Mono-saccharides
- Simplest carbohydrates
- Energy source
- Large number of C-H bonds
- Soluble in water
- Backbone
- Single bonded Carbon atoms
- Double bonded oxygen
- Carbonyl group
- Monomers
- Disaccharides
- Poly-saccharides
- Glucose
- Hexose
- Isomers
- Alpha and beta
- -OH position
- Alpha and beta
- Di-saccharides
- Maltose
- a-glucose + a-glucose
- Reducing
- Lactose
- B-galactose + a-glucose
- Lactose
- Sucrose
- a-glucose + fructose
- Non-reducing
- Lactose
- B-galactose + a-glucose
- Cellobiose
- B-glucose + B-glucose
- Cellulose
- Glycosidic bond
- Maltose
- Mono-saccharides
- Structural units
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