Carbohydrate mind map
- Created by: Rosiem2102
- Created on: 04-03-19 19:53
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- Carbohydrates
- Monomers
- Alpha glucose
- C6H12O6
- Hexose sugar
- The chemical bonds in glucose contain a lot of energy and for good reason because it is the main energy source for many plants and animals
- Its structure makes it soluble, meaning it can easily be transported around a cell or an organism
- Beta glucose
- C6H12O6
- Hexose sugar
- Its structure makes it soluble, meaning it can easily be transported around a cell or an organism
- The chemical bonds in glucose contain a lot of energy and for good reason because it is the main energy source for many plants and animals
- Ribose
- C5H10O5
- Pentose sugar
- RNA is made using Ribose sugar
- Alpha glucose
- Polymers
- The monomers in carbohydrates are monosaccharides - including hexose and pentose sugars like glucose and ribose
- 2. Two monosaccharides can be combined to form a disaccharide, connected with a glycosidic bond. They are called condensation reaction because water is produced when the bond is made. A hydrolysis reaction is the reverse reaction
- Lactose
- Beta glucose and galactose
- Maltose
- Alpha glucose and alpha glucose
- Sucrose
- Alpha glucose and fructose
- Many monomers joined with glycosidic bonds are called polysaccharides
- Carbohydrate polymers like starch, glycogen and cellulose are polysaccharides consisting of different monomers
- Starch
- The main energy store in plants which plants break down for glucose when they need it
- Consists of two polysaccharides
- Amylopectin - a long branched chain of alpha glucose. The branches allow enzymes to reach and break the bonds easily to rapidly release
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- Amylose - a long unbranched chain of alpha glucose in a coiled structure. Coiling allows amylose to be very compact, meaning it can store a lot
- 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds between branches
- Amylopectin - a long branched chain of alpha glucose. The branches allow enzymes to reach and break the bonds easily to rapidly release
- Insoluble in water so good for storage as water potential isn't affected
- Glycogen
- The main energy store of animals which can be broken down into alpha glucose
- Structurally, it is similar to amylopectin except that it has any more branches
- Branches allow it to release energy more rapidly and therefore make it more compact and better for storage
- 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- Cellulose
- Long unbranched chains of beta glucose that form a major part of plant cell walls
- Cellulose chains are linked together by hydrogen bonds to form strong fibres called microfibrils
- Untitled
- Monomers
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