C7.3
- Created by: amy_mair
- Created on: 20-06-16 13:13
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- C7.3
- Alkanes
- Hydrocarbons
- 1. Alkanes are made up of chains of carbon atoms which are surronded by hydrogen atoms
- 2. Alkanes only contain single covalent bonds between each of the carbon atoms
- 3. The Alkane family contain molecules that look very similar, but have different length chain molecules
- All alkanes have the same formula CnH2n+2
- Examples
- Metane
- CH4
- Ethane
- C2H6
- Butane
- C4H10
- Metane
- Reactions
- Alkanes burn to give carbon dioxide and water
- alkane + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
- CH4 + 2O2 --> 2H2O + CO2
- They do not react with most chemicals
- Alkanes are pretty unreactive towards most chemicals
- They do not react with aqueous reagents
- Bonds are difficult to break
- Hydrocarbons
- Alcohols
- Functional Group
- 1. The general formula for an alcohol is CnH2n+1OH
- 2. You need to know the first 2 alcohols for example methanol and ethanol
- 3. The OH bit is called the functional groups
- 4. All alcohols have similar properties because they all have OH functional group
- Similarities and Differances
- 1. Ethanol is soluble in water
- 2. Ethanol and water are both good solvents
- 3. The boiling point of ethanol is 78 degrees. This is lower than the boiling point of water but much higher than the boiling point of a similar size alkane
- 4. Ethanol is a liquid at room temperature. It evaporates easily and gives off fumes
- Uses
- Solvents
- Fuels
- Manufacturing
- Uses part 2
- 1. Alcohols for example methanol and ethanol, can dissolve lots of compounds that water can not for example hydrocarbons and oils. This makes it useful as solvents
- 2. It is used for manufacturing other organic chemicals
- 3. Ethanol is used as perfumes
- 4. It is used as chemicals
- Reactions
- They react with sodium
- Sodium + Ethanol --> sodium ethoxide + hydrogen
- Sodium + water --> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
- Functional Group
- Carboxylic Acids
- Functional groups
- Carboxylic acids have COOH
- The functional groups gives them all similar properties
- Their names end in anoic acid
- They react like other acids
- 1. Carboxylic acids react with alkalis, carbonates and reactive metals just like any other acid
- 2. The salts which are formed in these reactions end in anoate for example methanoic acid forms a methanoate
- Carboxylic acids react with metals to give a salt and hydrogen
- Carboxylic acids react with carbonatoes to give a salt, water and carbon dioxide
- Carboxylic acids react with alkalis to form a salt and water
- 3. Carboxylic acids are weak acids. They are less reactive than strong acids like hydrochoric acid, sulfuric acids and nitric acid
- 4. Dilute solutions of these weak acid will have higher Ph values than dilute solutions of strong acids. For example dilute ethanoic acid will have a higher Ph than dilute sulphuric acid
- They stink
- They hve strong smells and tastes
- If wine or beer is left in the open it oxidises to ethanoic acid
- Functional groups
- Alkanes
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