C6

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  • C6- chemical synthesis
    • How chemicals are made
      • Bulk chemical- made on a large scale
        • eg. Sulphuric acid
      • Fine chemicals- made on a small scale
        • eg. new drugs
      • Sulphuric acid
        • Used in explosives, metal treatment and paint
        • The reactants go to  the furnace, converter and absorbtion tower
    • Word equations
      • Metal(s)+ acid(aq)-> Salt (aq)+ hydrogen (g)
      • Metal Oxide(s)+ Acid(aq)-> Salt(aq)+ Water(l)
      • Metal hydroxide(s)+ Acid(aq)-> Salt(aq)+ carbon dioxide(g) +water
      • Metal Carbonate (s)+ Acid (aq) -> Salt(aq)+ Carbon dioxide(g)+ Water
      • Sulphuric acid- sulphate Hydrochloric acid- Chloride Nitric acid- nitrate
    • Endothermic and exothermic reactions
      • Exothermic - Heat energy is given out (warm)
      • Endothermic- Heat energy is taken in (cold)
      • Only transferred energy, not destroyed
    • Rates of reactions
      • Lots of small pieces of marble pieces react quicker and create more CO2 than bigger pieces.
        • More surface area for the chemicals to react with
    • Iodine clock
      • If the substances are heated then the reaction rate will increase because the substances will have more energy
    • Working out concentration
      • Precision- how detailed measurements are
      • Accuracy- whether the results are correct/ follow the expected pattern
      • Repeatability-is whether the range bars are small and the results overlap
    • Relative atomic+ formula mass
      • Mr= relative molecular mass
      • Add up atomic mass number for a compound
    • Yields
      • Desiccator- removes all the water from a compound and dries crystals out completely
      • Percentage yield= actual yield/ theoretical yield x100

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