C1 - Air Quality
- Created by: eloisa_braith
- Created on: 12-04-15 16:57
View mindmap
- C1 - Air Quality
- Evolution of the atmosphere
- Atmosphereformed by:
- Gases given out by volcanoes
- eg. carbon dioxide, water vapour, nitrogen
- Gases given out by volcanoes
- Build up of oxygen killed some early organisms
- But other complex organisms evolved
- Green plants removed oxygen from air
- Replaced it with carbon dioxide by photosynthesis
- Earth's surface was molten
- Crust formed when everything cooled
- Water vapour condensed forming oceans
- Crust formed when everything cooled
- Atmosphereformed by:
- Today's atmosphere
- Nitrogen (78%)
- Oxygen (21%)
- Argon (1%)
- 5 pollutants
- Carbon dioxide
- Removed from atmosphere by photosynthesis
- Dissolves in rainwater & seas, lakes, rivers etc.
- Dissolves in rainwater & seas, lakes, rivers etc.
- Removed from atmosphere by photosynthesis
- Carbon monoxide
- Particulates
- Tiny particles in air
- Sulfur dioxide
- Leaves atmosphere as acid rain
- Reacts with moisture in clouds & forms dilute sulfuric acid
- Nitrogen oxides
- Chemicals that are harmful as they are in the wrong place
- Carbon dioxide
- Fossil Fuels
- Usually hydrocarbons
- Hydrogen + carbon
- Formed by remains of dead animals & plants
- Over millions of years
- eg. crude oil
- Drilled out of Earth & refined to make petrol/diesel
- Hydrogen in fuel reacts with oxygen in air = water
- Burn more rapidly with pure oxygen present rather than just in air
- Carbon in fuel reacts with oxygen in air = carbon dioxide
- React at such high temperatures; nearby atoms in air react with each other
- Usually hydrocarbons
- Chemical Reactions
- Occur when atoms are rearranged
- No mass is lost - mss of reactants = mass of product
- Burning is called combustion
- Oxygen is added = oxidation reaction
- If not enough oxygen is available, carbon monoxide is produced = incomplete burning
- Oxgen is lost = reduction reaction
- If not enough oxygen is available, carbon monoxide is produced = incomplete burning
- Reducing pollution
- Wet scrubbing = dilute sulfuric acid removed from flue gases
- Reacts with alkalis
- eg. seawater
- Sulfur dioxide dissolves in seawater producing carbon dioxide, water & dissolved sulfate
- eg. alkaline slurry
- Sprayed onto gases
- Sulfur dioxide reacts with alkaline producing solid waste product
- Sprayed onto gases
- eg. seawater
- Reacts with alkalis
- Catalytic converter
- Convert harmful nitrogen monoxide into harmless nitrogen & oxygen
- Reduction reaction
- Loses oxygen
- Reduction reaction
- Convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide
- Oxidation reaction
- Adds oxygen
- Oxidation reaction
- Convert harmful nitrogen monoxide into harmless nitrogen & oxygen
- Biofuels
- Renewable energy source
- Produced carbon dioxide when burned
- Carbon neutral
- Carbon neutral
- Produced carbon dioxide when burned
- Renewable energy source
- Wet scrubbing = dilute sulfuric acid removed from flue gases
- Evolution of the atmosphere
Comments
No comments have yet been made