C4 - Chemical Patterns
- Created by: Lilly_B
- Created on: 01-04-15 13:15
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- C4 - Chemical Patterns
- Atomic Structure
- An atom has a tiny central nucleus made of protons & neutrons & around the nucleus are electrons
- Particles with their relative mass/charge:
- Proton - Relative mass: 1 Relative charge: +1
- Neutron - Relative mass: 1 Relative charge: none
- Electron - Relative mass: negligible Relative charge: -1
- All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons
- For example, every sodium atom has 11 protons, therefore the proton number of sodium is 11
- The number of electrons is the same number of protons in an atom
- Electrons are arranged in shells & each electron shell fills from left to right across a period
- Distinctive Flame Colours
- If you hold any lithium compound in a Bunsen flame at the end of a platinum wire, you can see a red flame
- Compounds of other elements make different coloured flames
- When light from the flame goes through a prism, it makes a line spectrum
- Every element has its own line spectrum
- Chemists have studied these spectra & have discovered new elements through it
- Ions & Ionic Compounds
- If you melt an ionic compound containing both metal & non-metal ions, it conducts electricity
- An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has either gained or lost electrons, so it has an overall charge
- An atom of sodium has 11 positively charged protons in its nucleus & 11 negatively charged atoms around the nucleus
- A sodium atom loses one electron to become an ion so a sodium atom has 11 protons & 10 electrons
- The overall charge is +1 & the formula is Na+
- A sodium atom loses one electron to become an ion so a sodium atom has 11 protons & 10 electrons
- Sodium chloride is a compound that is made made from ions &, therefore, is called ionic
- Every compound made from both a group 1 & group 7 metal are ionic
- In solid ionic compounds, the ions are arranged in a regular lattice, so solid ionic compounds form crystals
- When ionic crystals melt or dissolve, the ions are free to move independently, therefore ionic compounds conduct electricity when liquid or in solution
- Atomic Structure
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