C2 Part B

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  • C2 B
    • Rate of Reactions
      • Depends on...
        • Temperature
        • Concentration
        • Catalyst
        • Surface area of solids
      • Measuring
        • Precipitation
          • When a product of the reaction is a precipitate which clouds the solution
        • Change in mass
          • When a gas is given off, the mass will decrease. You can measure the mass drop
    • Acids and Metals
      • Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen
    • Oxides and Stuff
      • Metal oxides and Hydroxides are bases
        • Acid + Metal Oxide or Hydroxide = Salt + Water
      • Ammonia
        • Ammonia can be neutralised with HNO3 to make fertiliser
    • Making salts
      • Metal + Insoluble base
      • Using an alkalis
      • In a precipitation reaction
    • Electrolysis
      • Involve oxidation and reduction
        • Oxidation is loss
        • Reduction is gain
      • "Splitting up with electricity"
      • Electroplating
        • Coating a metal in a thin layer of another metal
          • E.g Cheap jewelry
  • Measuring
    • Precipitation
      • When a product of the reaction is a precipitate which clouds the solution
    • Change in mass
      • When a gas is given off, the mass will decrease. You can measure the mass drop
  • Volume of gas given off
    • Measuring the amount of gas given off by a reaction in a glass syringe
      • Volume of gas given off
      • Rate of reaction = Amount of reactant used or amount of product / Time
        • Rate of Reactions
          • Depends on...
            • Temperature
            • Concentration
            • Catalyst
            • Surface area of solids
      • Collision Theory
        • C2 B
          • Acids and Metals
            • Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen
          • Oxides and Stuff
            • Metal oxides and Hydroxides are bases
              • Acid + Metal Oxide or Hydroxide = Salt + Water
            • Ammonia
              • Ammonia can be neutralised with HNO3 to make fertiliser
          • Making salts
            • Metal + Insoluble base
            • Using an alkalis
            • In a precipitation reaction
          • Electrolysis
            • Involve oxidation and reduction
              • Oxidation is loss
              • Reduction is gain
            • "Splitting up with electricity"
            • Electroplating
              • Coating a metal in a thin layer of another metal
                • E.g Cheap jewelry
        • More collisions increases rate of reaction
        • To increase collisions...
          • Higher temperature
          • Higher concentrations
      • Larger surface area
        • To increase collisions...
          • Higher temperature
          • Higher concentrations
      • Catalysts
        • Collision Theory
          • More collisions increases rate of reaction
      • They speed up reactions by increasing the amount of successful collisions
        • Catalysts
        • Therefore they reduce costs in industry
          • They speed up reactions by increasing the amount of successful collisions
          • Energy Transfer
            • Exothermic
              • Heat given out
            • Endothermic
              • Heat taken in
            • Reversible reactions can be exothermic or endothermic
          • Acids and Alkalis
            • The pH scale
              • Goes from 0-14
                • 0 is Acid
                • 14 is Alkalis
            • An indicator is a dye that changes colour
            • Acids and bases neutralise eachother
          • It shows whether something is acid or alkalis
            • An indicator is a dye that changes colour
          • HCL will always produce chloride salts
            • The combo of metal and acid decides the salt

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