C2- The Periodic table
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- Created on: 05-05-22 18:20
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- C2- The Periodic table
- How are the elements arranged?
- Metals found on the left hand side of the periodic table.
- Non-metals found on the right hand side.
- Arranged in rows called periods
- Arranged in columns called groups.
- Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
- Elements in the same group have similar properties.
- Groups contain elements with similar chemical and physical properties.
- For example: Group 1 metals are all reactive, whilst elements in group 0 are all unreactive gases.
- Melting points.
- Level of reactivity.
- Groups contain elements with similar chemical and physical properties.
- The group the element is is tells us how many electrons there are in the outer shell.
- Dmitri Mendeleev
- Produced one of the first practical periodic tables in the 19th century.
- His ideas were:
- The elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
- Horizontal rows are called periods.
- Vertical columns are called groups.
- Elements in the same group are similar to each other.
- He wrote down the names of the elements on cards to help him look for patterns.
- He put the cards in order of lightest to heaviest based on the chemical and physical properties of each element.
- Properties of metals and non-metals
- Chemical properties- chemical changes when chemical reactions occur. Can involve the formation of new chemical elements or compounds.
- Physical properties- a substance simply chnaging physical state. For example, liquid to solid.
- PHYSICAL
- By applying force. If something is brittle, the object may snap. If something is flexible the object will bend.
- By observing a solid's melting point, and a liquid's boiling point.
- CHEMICAL
- Observing how elements react with air.
- Measure the pH of a liquid.
- Chemical properties- chemical changes when chemical reactions occur. Can involve the formation of new chemical elements or compounds.
- Noble gases (g0)
- Already have complete outer shells
- This is why they are inert and do not take part in chemical reactions.
- They are unreactive.
- They have low densities
- They are not flammable.
- Boiling point increases going down the group.
- Because the intermolecular forces become stronger.
- Density increases going down the group
- Boiling point increases going down the group.
- They are not flammable.
- Already have complete outer shells
- Alkali metals (g1)
- Reactivity increases going down the group.
- Bc, the atoms become larger
- Outer electron becomes further from the nucleus.
- force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron decreases.
- outer electron is lost more easily
- They are soft- can be cut with a knife.
- Have relatively low melting points
- Reactivity increases going down the group.
- How are the elements arranged?
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