C1 chemisty
- Created by: Winniebago13
- Created on: 03-06-14 18:33
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- C1
- Making Crude oil useful
- Fossil fuels
- Natural gas
- Crude oil
- A mixture of many hydrocarbons
- Molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
- have different boiling points
- Separated easily into different fractions using heating
- FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
- Intermolecular forces broken
- Small molecules
- Small forces of attraction
- Low boiling point
- Fractions rise to top of column
- Low boiling point
- Easy to break
- Low boiling point
- Fractions rise to top of column
- Low boiling point
- Small forces of attraction
- Large molecules
- Stronger forces of attraction
- Harder to break
- High boiling point
- Stronger forces of attraction
- Fractions condense at bottom of column
- More energy required
- High boiling point
- Small molecules
- Fractions condense at different levels of the column and can be collected
- Top: cool
- Bottom: hot
- Intermolecular forces broken
- FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
- Separated easily into different fractions using heating
- CRACKING
- Converts larger alkane molecules into smaller more useful alkene and alkane molecules
- Alkanes
- Saturated
- Single covalent bonds
- CnH2n+2
- 1. Meth...
- Alkenes
- Un-saturated
- Double covalent bond between 2 carbon atoms
- React with bromine water
- Colourless
- CnH2n
- Un-saturated
- 2. Eth...
- 3. Prop...
- 4. But...
- 5. Pent...
- 6. Hex...
- 7. Hept...
- 8. Oct...
- Alkenes
- Saturated
- Alkenes
- Un-saturated
- Double covalent bond between 2 carbon atoms
- React with bromine water
- Colourless
- CnH2n
- Un-saturated
- HT
- There is not enough petrol to meet demand, cracking is used to convert other fractions to make more profit
- Alkanes
- Converts larger alkane molecules into smaller more useful alkene and alkane molecules
- Carbon = 4 bonds and hydrogen = 1 bond
- A mixture of many hydrocarbons
- Coal
- Finite- limited supplies
- Non-renewable
- Fossil fuels
- Using carbon fuels
- Choosing a fuel
- Energy value
- Availability
- Storage
- Cost
- Toxicity
- Pollution
- Ease of use
- Burning fuels
- Combustion- when fuels burn useful energy is released as heat
- Complete combustion
- Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
- HT
- Blue flame
- Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
- Incomplete combustion
- fuel burns without sufficient oxygen
- poor ventilation
- gas appliance needs servicing
- Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon monoxide + water
- HT
- 2CH4 + 3O2 (ARROW) 2C0 + 4H2O
- HT
- Very little oxygen
- Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon + water
- Yellow flame
- fuel burns without sufficient oxygen
- Complete combustion
- Combustion- when fuels burn useful energy is released as heat
- Choosing a fuel
- Making polymers
- Designer polymers
- polymers = plastics
- Gore-Tex
- Polymerisation
- ALKENES
- Alkenes made by cracking used to make monomers
- High pressure and catalyst
- Addition polymerisation
- HT
- Involves the reaction of unsaturated monomer molecules
- HT
- Designer polymers
- Clean air
- Atmosphere gradually changed over billions of years
- FORMATION OF THE EARTH
- Early atmosphere contained ammonia and carbon dioxide
- from volcanoes
- temperature fell = water vapour in the atmosphere condensed forming oceans
- evolution of plants meant photosynthesis started to reduce amounts of carbon dioxide and increase the amount of oxygen in the atomsphere
- Early atmosphere contained ammonia and carbon dioxide
- FORMATION OF THE EARTH
- 78% Nitrogen
- 21% oxygen
- 0.035% carbon dioxide
- air pollution
- burning fossil fuels + incomplete combustion of car engine
- Acid rain
- sulphur impurities produce sulphur dioxide which dissolves in water to produce acid rain
- kill aquatic life and plants and erode stonework and corrode metals
- sulphur impurities produce sulphur dioxide which dissolves in water to produce acid rain
- Atmosphere gradually changed over billions of years
- Making Crude oil useful
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