GCSE: OCR gateway: C1: Designer polymers + Cooking and food additives
- Created by: 09tvzutphen
- Created on: 04-04-14 20:41
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- C1
- Designer Polymers
- Breathable polymers
- Nylon is: tough, lightweight, keeps water out ,and UV light out
- It does not let water vapour through so sweat condenses and makes the wearer wet and cold in their jacket
- Gore tex has the properties of nylon and is also breathable as water vapour can pass through the membrane but rainwater cannot
- The holes in the PTFE are too small for water droplets to pass through however large enough to let water vapour through
- PTFE membrane is too fragile on its own so it is laminated onto nylon to produce a stronger fabric
- Nylon is: tough, lightweight, keeps water out ,and UV light out
- Disposing of polymers
- New types of polymers: polymers that dissolve + biodegradable polymers
- Issues with existing polymers
- Non-biodegradable polymers fill up landfill sites quickly
- Waste of crude oil
- Waste of land
- Burning makes toxic gases
- Hard to sort polymers so recycling difficult
- Non-biodegradable polymers fill up landfill sites quickly
- Stretchy + ridged polymers
- Held together by strong covalent bonds
- Plastics with weak intermolecular forces between polymer molecules
- Have low melting points
- Can be stretched easily as polymer molecules slide over one another
- Plastics with strong forces between polymer molecules
- High melting points
- Cannot be stretched and are ridged
- Breathable polymers
- Cooking and Food Additives
- Proteins and carbohydrates
- Protein molecules permanently change shape when cooked
- Known as DENATURING
- Texture of protein food changes as the shapes of the protein molecules change perminently
- Potato is a carbohydrate which is easier to digest when cooked
- Starch grain swell up and spread out
- Cell walls rupture so they do not have a ridged structure and there is a softer texture
- Protein molecules permanently change shape when cooked
- Baking powder
- SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate = sodium carbonate + carbon dioxide + water
- 2NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
- Emulsifiers
- Have water loving head + water hating tail
- water loving = hydrophilic
- water hating = hydrophobic
- Emulsifiers are used to stop water and oil from separating
- Hydrophilic end bonds to water molecules
- Hydrophobic end binds to fat/oil molecules
- Hydrophilic end attracted to water molecules which surround oil keeping them together
- Have water loving head + water hating tail
- Proteins and carbohydrates
- Designer Polymers
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