C15.4
- Created by: El
- Created on: 28-02-20 15:01
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- C15.4 Glass, ceramics and composites
- Glass
- Soda lime glass is made from sand, limestone and sodium carbonate
- These are heated to 1500 degrees where they melt and react to form molten glass
- As it cools it cools it turns into a solid, but the particles form a regular pattern, they are "frozen in place"
- Many types of glass can be made by incorporating different materials to give it other properties
- Soda lime glass is made from sand, limestone and sodium carbonate
- Ceramics
- Made from clay e.g bricks, tiles, sinks, toilets
- Hard but brittle materials that are electrical insulators and resistant to chemicals
- A sharp blow can distort layers so that ions with like charges repel and the ceramic cracks
- Made by moulding wet clay into shapes and heating them to 1000 degrees in a furnace
- Clay contains comounds of metals and non metals with ionic bonding between ions and some covalent
- The ions and atoms are arranged in giant structures with layers
- When clay is wet the water molecules get between the layers making it slippery
- When clay is heated in the furnace the water is driven out so strong bonds form
- Composites
- Made of two materials which make a material with improved properties for a use
- One material binds together fibres or fragments of the other. This is called reinforcement
- A composite of glass and ceramic is hard and tough as the glass melts between the crystals in the ceramic so cracks can't spread
- Composites of ceramics with polymers as the binding agent are tough, flexible, waterproof and have low densities.
- Concrete can be made more resistant to bending forces by setting it around a matrix of steel rods, forming reinforced concrete
- Made of two materials which make a material with improved properties for a use
- Glass
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