C1.4 - Crude Oil and Fuels
- Created by: alishamunson
- Created on: 09-04-17 15:53
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- C1.4 - Crude Oil and Fuels
- 4.1
- Crude oil is a mixture of many different compounds.
- Distillation can be used to separate mixtures of liquids.
- Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons - they only contain hydrogen and carbon.
- Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. They contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in their molecules.
- 4.2
- Crude oil is separated into fractions using fractional distillation.
- The properties of each fraction depend on the size of the hydrocarbon molecules.
- Fractions with lower boiling points are less viscous and burn more easily.
- 4.3
- Burning hydrocarbons in plenty of air produces carbon dioxide and water.
- Burning hydrocarbons in a limited supply of air may produce carbon monoxide and solid particles.
- Any sulfur compounds in the fuel burn to produce sulfur dioxide.
- Oxides of nitrogen can be formed when fuels burn under extreme conditions.
- 4.4
- Many scientists believe that carbon dioxide from burning fuels causes global warming.
- Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause acid rain.
- Particulates cause global dimming.
- Pollutants can be removed from waste gases after the fuel is burned.
- Sulfur can be removed from fuels before they are burned so less sulfur dioxide is given off.
- 4.5
- Biodiesel can be made from vegetable oils.
- Biofuels are a renewable source of energy that could be used instead of fossil fuels.
- There are advantages and disadvantages of using biodiesel.
- Ethanol made from sugar is a biofuel.
- Hydrogen is a potential fuel for the future.
- 4.1
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