C11 Polymers
- Created by: charlotteb03
- Created on: 23-11-18 08:30
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- C11 Polymers
- Addition Polymerisation
- Plastics are made of very large, covalently bonded molecules called polymers
- The large polymer molecules are made when many monomers (small reactive molecules) join together
- The reaction between alkene monomers to form a polymer is called addition polymerisation
- In addition polymers, the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer, because when the C=C bond 'opens up' in polymerisation, no other molecule is formed.
- Condensation Polymerisation
- Condensation polymerisation usually involves a small molecule released in the reaction, as the polymer forms.
- The monomers used to make the simplest condensation polymers are usually two different monomers, with two of the same functional groups on each monomer.
- Polyesters are formed from the condensation polymerisation of diol and a dicarboxylic acid, with H2O given off in the reaction.
- Natural Polymers
- Simple carbohydrates (monosaccharides) polymerise to make polymers such as starch and cellulose
- Proteins are polymers made from different amino acid monomers
- Amino acids have an acidic and a basic functional group in the same molecule
- Amino acids react together during condensation polymerisation to make polypeptides and proteins made of long sequences of different monomers.
- DNA
- DNA is made up from monomers called nucleotides
- The nucleotides are based on the sugar deoxyribose, bonded to a phosphate group and a base. There are four possible bases that bond to the sugar.
- A DNA molecule consists of two polymer strands (with sugars bonded to phosphate groups) intertwined into a double helix
- Addition Polymerisation
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