C1.1 Fundamental Ideas
Detailed with all necessary points for topic revision.
- Created by: osas.xo
- Created on: 30-03-16 10:36
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- C1.1 Fundamental Ideas
- All substances are made from atoms.
- Atoms are made of protons and neutrons - in the nucleus - and electrons circling the outside
- Number of Protons and Electrons are equal so atom is neutral - not charged.
- An ION is an atom with a charge - atoms in the process of reacting.
- Ions are positively charged when an atom loses electrons.
- Ions are negatively charged when an atom gains electrons.
- Because Electrons are negatively charged and Protons are positively charged.
- Ions are positively charged when an atom loses electrons.
- Charge causes the small numbers in compounds because of the number of atoms need to cancel out charges.
- Because Electrons are negatively charged and Protons are positively charged.
- An ION is an atom with a charge - atoms in the process of reacting.
- Number of Protons and Electrons are equal so atom is neutral - not charged.
- Elements are one type of Atom: Compounds are two types of atoms chemically bonded together.
- Most Materials are made from chemical reactions i.e. Water
- Where the are 2 elements, the name of the compound ends in -ide
- e.g. CuS - Copper Sulfide
- Were there are 3 elements, with the last being Oxygen, The name of the compound ends with -ate.
- e.g. CaCO? - Calcium Carbonate
- Metal + Water = Metal Oxide + Hydrogen Gas [H? (g)]
- Where the are 2 elements, the name of the compound ends in -ide
- Atoms are made of protons and neutrons - in the nucleus - and electrons circling the outside
- Periodic Table
- Know symbols for common elements
- H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca.
- Atomic Mass: no. of Protons + Neutrons in the Nucleus of the atom.
- To find number of Neutrons, subtract the Atomic Number from the Atomic Mass
- e.g. Lithium is the Atomic Number 3, and its Atomic Mass is 7 so: Lithium has 3 Protons, 3 Electrons and 4 Neutrons
- The Electronic Configuration of Lithium would be 2,1. Why?
- 1st Shell of an atom = max. 2e-
- 2nd Shell = max. 8e-
- 3rd Shell = max. 8e-
- 2nd Shell = max. 8e-
- 1st Shell of an atom = max. 2e-
- The Electronic Configuration of Lithium would be 2,1. Why?
- e.g. Lithium is the Atomic Number 3, and its Atomic Mass is 7 so: Lithium has 3 Protons, 3 Electrons and 4 Neutrons
- To find number of Neutrons, subtract the Atomic Number from the Atomic Mass
- Atomic Number: no. of Protons (or Electrons) in the atom.
- All atoms in the periodic table are in ascending order of atomic number.
- Number of Protons and Electrons are equal so atom is neutral - not charged.
- An ION is an atom with a charge - atoms in the process of reacting.
- Ions are negatively charged when an atom gains electrons.
- Because Electrons are negatively charged and Protons are positively charged.
- Charge causes the small numbers in compounds because of the number of atoms need to cancel out charges.
- Because Electrons are negatively charged and Protons are positively charged.
- Ions are negatively charged when an atom gains electrons.
- An ION is an atom with a charge - atoms in the process of reacting.
- Know symbols for common elements
- Groups are Vertical Columns, Periods are Horizontal Rows.
- Group 0/8 are noble gasses. They are inert or unreactive because the have a full outermost shell making them stable.
- Period 1 only has 2 elements: Hydrogen & Helium.
- Group No. = No. of e- in outermost shell
- Group 1: +1 (Metal)
- Very Reactive because it's very easy to use 1e-
- Group 2: +2 (Metal)
- Group 3: +3 (Metal)
- Group 7: -1 (Non-Metal)
- Group 0/8: 0
- Group 0/8 are noble gasses. They are inert or unreactive because the have a full outermost shell making them stable.
- Group 6: -2 (Non-Metal)
- Atoms of the same Group react the same way due to them having the same amount of e- in their outermost shell.
- Group 5: -3 (Non-Metal)
- Group 4: no charge (Non-metal)
- Group 1: +1 (Metal)
- Period No. = No. of Shells in Electronic Configuration
- Bonding
- Ionic
- Ionic Bonding is the exchange of electrons between Metal and Non-Metal
- Metals react with Non-metals because compounds have to be neutral.
- Ionic bond between Sodium (Gp1) & Chlorine (Gp7)) makes Sodium Chloride.
- Covalent
- A Covalent bond is formed between non-metals (Groups 4-7)
- Covalent bond between Carbon (Gp 4) & Oxygen (Gp 6) makes CO?
- Ionic
- All substances are made from atoms.
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