C1 mindmap

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  • C1
    • atoms
      • all subst. made of atoms
        • all elements only made from 1 atom (compounds 1+)
          • periodic table is a way of organising all elements
    • chemical equations
      • no new atoms ever created or destroyed in reaction
        • solids, liquids, gases and aqueous solutions
          • symbol equations can be balanced
    • seperating mixtures
      • mixture is made of 2 substances not chemically bonded
        • this means can be separated through physical means
          • filtration - separates solids from solvent
          • crystallisation separates  soluble solid from solvent
          • distillation - separates a solvent from soluble solids
    • fractional distillation & paper chrom.
      • FD separates miscible liquids with a fractioning column
      • PC separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up the chrom. paper
    • history of the atom
    • ions & isotopes
      • atoms that gain electrons are negative ions
      • isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
    • electronic structure
      • the electrons in an atom are in shells
        • inner shell can hold 2
        • outer shell can hold up to 8
          • number in outer shell determines the reactivity
    • atomic structure
      • protons
        • relative charge +1 relative mass 1
      • neutrons
        • relative charge 0 relative mass 1
      • electrons
        • relative charge -1 relative mass 0

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