C1 Chemistry GCSE
- Created by: sonalichaggar2003
- Created on: 28-02-18 12:59
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- C1-Atomic Structure
- Atoms
- Elements
- Substances that are made up of only one type of atom
- Nucleus
- Made up of protons and neutrons
- Protons=+1 charge Electrons=-1 charge Neutron=0 charge
- Protons mass=1 Electrons mass=1/200 Neutrons mass=1
- Electrons on shells orbiting nucleus
- 1st shell=2 electrons 2nd shell=8 electrons 3rd shell=8 electrons
- Changing number of electrons creates ions
- Ions are charged particles
- Made up of protons and neutrons
- Elements
- Ions and isotopes
- Ions are charged particles
- Isotopes are elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
- Separating mixtures
- Crystallisation
- Crystallisation is used to obtain a sample of pure salt from your solution e.g sodium chloride from salt water
- Heating should be stopped when crystals start to form and then you should let rest of crystals come by natural evaporation
- Heating should be stopped when crystals start to form and then you should let rest of crystals come by natural evaporation
- Chromatography
- Paper chromatography is used to separate a mixture of dyes in ink
- 1.The paper is dotted with ink.2.It is then dipped in the solvent.3.The solvent soaks up the paper and the dyes begin to run.
- Graphite pencil is used to mark lines because it doesn't separate
- The more soluble a substance is, the further up the paper it will travel
- Filtration
- Filtration is used to separate substances that are insoluble in a particular solvent from those that are soluble in the solvent
- Mixture of rock salt
- 1. Mix rock salt with water to dissolve salt. 2. Filter out salt water so sand is gone. 3. Crystallise salt water to obtain salt crystals.
- Distillation
- Simple distillation
- 1.A solution is heated and boiled to evaporate the solvent. 2. The vapour given off enters a condenser. 3. The hot vapour condenses back into a liquid and is collected in a beaker. 4. The dissolved solutes remain in the flask.
- Simple distillation allows you to collect the solvent instead of letting it evaporate like in crystallisation
- Fractional distillation
- Fractional distillation is used to separate mixtures of miscible liquids
- In fractional distillation a fractionating column is used
- The temperatures in the fractionating column are hottest at the bottom and cooler at the top
- Miscible liquids are liquids that dissolve into each other; mixing completely. They have different boiling points.
- The substances will the lowest boiling points will rise up the fractionating column and into the condenser
- Fractional distillation is used to separate mixtures of miscible liquids
- Simple distillation
- Crystallisation
- Chemical equations
- Products
- The substances you start off with
- Reactants
- The products you end up with in the reaction
- Hydrogen + Oxygen (reactants) ? water (product)
- e.g H2 + O2 ? 2H2O
- State symbols
- Aqueous(aq)
- Liquid(l)
- Solid(s)
- Gas(g)
- Products
- Atoms
- Atom are tiny particles
- Made up of a tiny nucleus and electrons orbiting it
- Atoms
- Elements
- Substances that are made up of only one type of atom
- Nucleus
- Made up of protons and neutrons
- Protons=+1 charge Electrons=-1 charge Neutron=0 charge
- Protons mass=1 Electrons mass=1/200 Neutrons mass=1
- Electrons on shells orbiting nucleus
- 1st shell=2 electrons 2nd shell=8 electrons 3rd shell=8 electrons
- Changing number of electrons creates ions
- Made up of protons and neutrons
- Elements
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