business studies

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  • Created by: kavish791
  • Created on: 24-04-22 01:03
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  • Topic 1 investigating small businesses (kavish)
    • 1.1
      • enterprise & entrepreneur
        • dynamic nature of business
          • changing technology:   faster products and service, compact products, cheaper, easier to use and safer
          • changing consumer needs: change in- fashion, economy, national demographics, lifestyle and technology
          • products may go obsolete due to change in demands
        • risk and reward
          • risk: business failure, financial loss and lack of security
          • business success, profit and independence
          • reduce risk: market research, business plan and start-up finance
        • role of business enterprise
          • added value: more  convenience, esp, more efficient, branding, improved quality, better design
          • businesses either sell products to customers or to suppliers
          • customer buys the product. consumer uses the product
          • entrepreneurs create products buy novation or invention
    • 1.3
      • putting a business idea into practice
        • aims and objectives
          • objectives can be financial and non-financial
          • aims and objectives can change due to competition and demand
        • revenue cost and profit
          • revenue = price x quantity
          • total costs = fixed + variable costs
          • profit= sales revenue - costs
          • interest is the% reward saving or the % cost of borrowing
        • cash and cash-flow
          • cash flow is the money flowing in and out of a business
          • cash forecast can predict cash flow of a business using data from previous months
        • source of business finance
          • short-term source of finance
            • bank overdraft and trade credit
          • long-term source of finance
            • savings, venture capital, share capital, loan retained profit and crowd funding
    • 1.5
      • understanding external influences on a business
        • business stakeholders
          • owners, managers, pressure groups, suppliers, employees, government, local community and customers
          • effects: stakeholders get return on investment, employees receive income, customers receive products and local community may benefit with development
          • effects: pollution in local area, employees may work in poor conditions, pressure groups will protest and employees may loose job .
        • technology and business
          • e-commerce, social media, electronic payment, and digital communication
          • new technology can create new opportunities due to the change in demand in the market
        • consumer and employment law
          • consumers have right to return goods, goods should be delivered safely, service should take place with care
          • redundancy procedures should be fair, health and safety requirements should me met, recruitment processes should be fair and no discrimination
        • the economy and business
          • high demand impact: consumer income rise, inflation may rise, unemployment may fall, interest rates may rise and pound may become stronger
          • low demand impact: consumer income fall, inflation may fall, unemployment may fall, interest may fall and the pound may become weak
          • exchange rates is the price of buying foreign currency
        • external influences
          • opportunities: rise in economic activity therefore higher income, new legislation increases demand, new tech lowers production cost
          • threats: new competitors entering the market, new legislation making products illegal and fall in economic activity leading to lower demand
          • response to external influence
            • cut investment and spending with economic activity is low, lower prices to counteract the entrance of a new competitor
            • change company policy to adhere to employment or consumer legislation
            • increase productivity and recruit new employees when economic forecast look positive
            • stop producing a product line that has become obsolete due to rise of new technology
    • 1.4
      • making the business effective
        • option for start-up and small businesses
          • limited liability: plc's owners and business are separate legal entities.
          • unlimited liability: sole traders are businesses owned by one person. responsible for any debts
          • franchising
            • established brand image, higher chance of survival, specific suport and training and marketing cost is covered by franchise
            • high initial costs, royalty payment, little freedom to make decisions and restrictions where it can be set up
        • business location
          • location can be based on market, materials, labour, competitors and transport
          • nature of business can affect location: manufacturing, exporting, retailing and tourism
        • marketing mix
          • 4 p's : product, place, price and promotion
          • a business must develop an integrated marketing mix where each p complements the others
        • business plan
          • purpose: convince banks for loan, forecast financial projects, identify needs of customers and provide information
          • elements of business plans: business idea, aims and objectives, market research, market mix, production and financial forecast
    • 1.2
      • spotting business opportunity
        • customer needs
          • understanding customers: family needs, financial needs, personal taste and preference emotional needs
          • customer needs: price, choice, convenience and quality
        • market research
          • market research purpose: understand and identify trends, competitors, customer needs and opportunities
          • primary research: surveys, social media, experiments and observations
          • secondary research: internet sites, local newspapers, sales data and market reports
          • qualitative data includes opinions and judgement
          • quantitative data can be expressed as numbers and analysed in graphs
        • market segmentation
          • groups with similar characteristic and interests
          • differentiate products, target marketing activity, develop unique brand image and meet specific customer needs
          • focusing on one group means another gap is left, can be very niche, customer interests can change over time and can be costly
          • market map can find gaps in the market by comparing existing products in the market
            • helps: identify closest competitors, support market segmentation and make decisions on marketing
            • can be difficult to find appropriate variables, based on opinions not accurate data and compares businesses upon only 2 variables
        • competitive environment
          • decisions for high competition: improving efficiency, competitiveness, differentiating products and services
          • drawbacks of high competition: lower prices, lower profit margins, change of aims and objectives

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Topic 1.1-1.5 mind map for paper 1 business GCSE edexcel made by kavish

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