British Empire - Trade
- Created by: Willzxc
- Created on: 16-06-18 15:43
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- British Empire Trade
- Industrial Revolution
- Transformed Britain from an agrarian to an urban industrialised soviety
- The development of an urban industrial society stimulated the export of manufactured goods
- the decline of the rural workforce lead to the need to import more food
- The Slave Trade
- Provided a market for British manufactured goods
- provided a labour force for the sugar and tobacco plantations
- facilitated the import of raw sugar and cotton to Britain on the return leg
- Provided rich returns which financed industrial Rev
- Significant decline in financial returns on first 1/4 of 19th century
- diminished slave trade
- The need to find prosperous trade routes beyond the old slave trading patterns encouraged British Merchants to look beyond the existing Empire for new markets
- diminished slave trade
- Increasing moral argument against it
- diminished slave trade
- The need to find prosperous trade routes beyond the old slave trading patterns encouraged British Merchants to look beyond the existing Empire for new markets
- diminished slave trade
- Coal and Textiles
- Coal
- Vital for fuelling Industrial Rev
- In 18th and 19th Centuries was one of the key factors in Britain's rise to world economic predominance
- Textiles
- Principal product that Britain exported
- New production methods from late 18th century led to development of large number of factories
- increased both production and exports
- Development in these two areas had enormous impact of pattern of trade
- New manufacturing techniques transformed the scale of production which reduced unit costs and stimulated exports
- Coal
- Trade with the Americas, India and the Far East
- Latin America
- Independence from Iberian colonial system led to trading links
- Britain exported manufactured goods and imported food
- America
- Each others largest trading partner 1778-81
- Interrupted by American Civil War
- India
- Provided raw materials and a market for British manufactured goods
- Initially cotton goods but by 1900 included iron, steel and engineering products
- India supplied jute, raw cotton, rice, tea, oil-seed, wheat and hides
- Provided raw materials and a market for British manufactured goods
- China
- Provided silk, tea and porcelain
- Latin America
- Free Trade
- Countries should trade with goods each has to offer for mutual benefit
- Increased overall wealth
- Repealing Navigation Acts
- Sugar Act 1764 - Tax was lowered but enforced more so people ended up paying 66% more
- Mutiny Act 1765 - British soldiers must be treated richly in colonies
- Stamp Act 1765 - Almost all formal documents must be fixed with stamps paid for to British authorities
- Was the next step to establishment of free trade
- Ports
- Singapore
- Ships of all nationalities could dock without incurring taxes or tariffs bringing merchant ships from Malay Archipelago
- Ships going from China to Britain could stop at Singapore and trade
- Could acquire spices from Malay Archipelago without visiting high taxed and tariffed Dutch Ports
- Signalled new era of imperial trade
- Hong Kong 1842
- British ships could unload cargo at Hong Kong avoiding import duties and then goods could be transported to other ports by inland waterways
- Shanghai
- In the mouth of the Yangtze river
- Opened up the interior of China
- Suez Canal 1875
- Intention was colonial expansion first then economic growth
- Colonised Egypt meant new area of production
- Better quality of goods due to reduced travel time
- Opened up new safe and strategic trade route
- Focus of geographic strategy rather than trade
- Zanzibar 1890
- Goods could be taken from coastal traders and sent to Middle East and Africa
- Trade relied of ivory and slaves and Zanzibar was connected to trade routes deep in Africa
- First got involved in Zanzibar to stop slave trade and keep trade routes safe around Africa
- Navy power allowed Britain to have greater influence
- Lease of Weihaiwei 1898
- Russia took over Port Arthur in China for their commercial interests
- Britain demanded a port nearby to keep oversee developments in Port Arthur
- Weihaiwei had no commercial value and was purely representative of Britains strategic interest in limiting Russia
- Britain did the same in East Africa to restrict Germans from increasing their influence
- Shows how Britain had moved away from commercial beginnings
- Britain did the same in East Africa to restrict Germans from increasing their influence
- Singapore
- Industrial Revolution
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