Britain by 1951
Making of a Modern Britain, 1951-2007
- Created by: aaliceharding
- Created on: 25-10-19 20:39
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- Britain by 1951
- International
- No longer a superpower
- Anti-soviet
- NATO, 1949
- Allies with USA
- Receiving Marshall Aid
- Empire crumbling
- India and Pakistan granted independencein 1947
- Britain didn’t have the resources to control these countries
- Burma and Ceylon received independencein 1948
- India and Pakistan granted independencein 1947
- Economy
- Believed in Keynesianism
- Receiving $2.7b of Marshall Aid from US
- $35b in debt after WW2
- To meet financial crisis, Hugh Dalton negotiated a loan of $6b from USA and Canada
- Britain agreed to up its defence spending to $4.7b
- Austerity period coincided with creation of Welfare State
- Coal, Bank of England and iron/steel industries nationalised between 1945 and 1951
- Sterling credits were owed to other countries
- Social
- War bombings changed attitudes: community spirit/mentality developed
- Evacuation brought people of all social classes together
- Severe poverty still existed
- Rural areas often lacked basic sanitation
- Serious housing problems as many homes destroyed during the war
- Only 3% of census was born overseas: discrimination was rife
- Public attitudes to sex and marriage still very conservative
- Political: Attlee’s government...
- Created the Welfare State
- NHS, 1948
- Industrial Injuries Act, 1946
- National assistance, 1948
- National insurance, 1946
- Introduced nationalisation programme
- ImplementedKeynesianism
- Shaped Britain’s foreign policy
- Pro-American, anti-soviet
- Granted independence to India
- Played key role in formation of NATO
- Provided ally to USA
- Organised a housing programme that created 1m homes
- Created the Welfare State
- International
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