Birmingham-A changing city

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  • Birmingham-A Changing City
    • UK's second largest city after London.
    • 5 major universities.
    • Over 60,000 students.
    • Home to 31,000 companies e.g. Jaguar.
    • More than £13 billion to be invested n new infrastructure.
    • 2016 ranked top UK events destination outside London.
    • LOCATION It is in the centre of England meaning it can be easily accessed. In the United Kingdom, it is the second largest city outside of London.
    • NATIONAL LINKS include over 60,000 students flooding into Birmingham to attend one of the five major universities. Bing in the centre, means it has plenty of access to surrounding areas resulting in more income from tourists. Home to 31,000 well known companies.
    • INTERNATIONAL LINKS includes students from abroad studying at universities. More than £13 billion worth of infrastructure which enables people to travel internationally to airports in Birmingham.
    • How urban growth has created opportunities for Birmingham
      • Considering the constant population increase, in 2014, Birmingham City Council announced a 20 year plan to create a fully integrated transport system. this plan will include: improved rail links: increased connectivity between roads, rail and bus links, new train system and developed walk and cycle routes.
      • To increase the amount of green space the City Council have come with the 'Birmingham's Green Vision' plan making it more attractive and will encourage social interaction and good health.
      • With five universities and over 60,000 students, Birmingham is a young, dynamic city which offers a wide range of social and economic opportunities.
      • The transport infrastructure with rail links to all major UK cities and an international airport puts Birmingham at the heart of the Country.
      • It has the largest number of businesses and new businesses start-ups outside London, offering a huge range of job opportunities including retail, leisure, technology and research development.
      • The city has the most Michelin starred restaurants outside of London offering cuisines from all over the world.
      • Birmingham is one of the greenest cities in Europe, with over 500 parks and open spaces, including Botanical Gardens.
      • It has a strong historical culture, the city centre museum and art gallery host over 2000 exhibits and the Birmingham Hippodrome is the most visited theatre in the UK.
      • A number of the old, city centre industrial areas have been regenerated, the canal basins now provide a new focal point for cafes, bars and clubs.
    • How urban growth has caused challenges for Birmingham.
      • Rural-urban fringe is under constant pressure from urban sprawl as being seen as a prime area for development. Some demands include: leisure development, e.g. golf courses, transport networks and commuter settlements.
      • In the last 10 years it is estimated that 42000 people have moved from the centre of Birmingham to the outskirts of the city. The results of this has been general increase in the number of people commuting to Birmingham each day for work, increasing pressure on roads and public transport. Leading to pollution.
      • In 2015, Birmingham was ranked the third most deprived city in England after Liverpool and Manchester. Heavily clustered near the centre.
      • In 2015, it needed 89000 new houses but could only accommodate 51000.
      • In 2015, only 30% of Birmingham's waste was recycled. aiming to reach 40% by 2026.
      • Greenfields are cheaper to use to build housing on as they do not require clearing first but their use leads to urban sprawl and the problems that come with it - traffic congestion.
      • Brownfields are valuable for building housing on because they are usually large sites in urban areas but this can come expensive because they often need clearing first.
    • Longbride MG Rover Plant - produced cars forover 100 years. 25000 people employed. declined in 1970's. closed down in 2005. had its own rail link. Regenerated into a school, shops, cafes and car park.
    • Bullring Centre - 1990's decided to totally redevelop the Bullring. 2003 newly developed and finished. when it was built it cost £500 million. 140 shops/restaurants. 3,100 new car parking spaces. over 8,000 jobs created.
    • 'Many worlds one great city'
    • Problems in High Income Cities (Birmingham)
      • Noise Pollution - cars beeping.
      • More accidents - over-crowded roads.
      • Air Pollution - cars releasing fumes.
      • Health - Breath in fumes from atmosphere. unhealthy when jogging.
      • Buildings discoloured - When lorries, buses travel past buildings they release dirt into the atmosphere that settle on buildings near by, causing them to discolour. Acid rain is created from pollution.

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