Biomechanical Principles: stability and lever systems
- Created by: Elise_parfitt
- Created on: 15-05-19 10:23
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- Biomechanical Principles: stability and lever systems
- Centre of Mass
- The point at which a body is balanced in all direction in all directions; the point from which weight appears to act.
- If an athlete stands in the anatomical position, it will be around their naval.
- It’s location is dependent on the distribution of body mass and can be manipulated to improve sporting technique by altering body shape.
- If an athlete raises their arms, the centre of mass will also rise.
- If they bend their knees their centre off mass will also lower.
- The centre of mass can also move outside the body and act as a point of rotation.
- For example, a gymnast performing a front tucked somersault moves their centre of mass in front of the body and rotates around it
- Stability
- The ability of a body to resist motion and remain at rest, or for a body to withstand a force applied and return to its original position without damage.
- Factors affecting stability:
- Height of the centre of mass.
- The lower the centre of mass the greater the stability.
- Base of support.
- The greater the size of the base of support the greater the stability.
- Mass of the body.
- The greater the mass of a body the greater it’s inertia, and therefore, the greater it’s stability.
- Line of gravity.
- The more central the line of gravity to the base of support the greater the stability.
- Height of the centre of mass.
- Lever Systems
- Lever systems have two main functions:
- To generate muscular effort to overcome a given load.
- To increase the speed of a given moment.
- lever= bone, fulcrum= joint, effort= muscle force, load= weight/resistance
- 1st Class Lever
- Fulcrum is in the middle E-F-L (English Football League)
- Extension of the neck when preparing to head a football
- Fulcrum is in the middle E-F-L (English Football League)
- 3rd Class Lever
- Effort is in the middle F-E-L (fell)
- Flexion of the elbow during a bicep curl
- most levers in the body are third class levers
- Effort is in the middle F-E-L (fell)
- 2nd Class Lever
- Load is in the middle E-L-F (elf)
- Ball of the foot in the take-off phase of a high-jump
- Load is in the middle E-L-F (elf)
- Mechanical Advantage:
- second-class lever systems where the effort arm is greater than the load arm. A large load can be moved with a relatively small effort.
- Mechanical Disadvantage:
- Third-class lever systems where the load arm is greater than the effort arm. A large effort is required to move a relatively small load.
- Lever systems have two main functions:
- Centre of Mass
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