biology unit b4
every thing you need to know for unit B4
- Created by: Andrei stephen
- Created on: 16-05-13 18:19
View mindmap
- biology unit b4
- unit b4
- diffusion
- diffusion happens in gasses and liquids but not solids
- it always goes from high concentration to low concentration
- this is called defusing down the concentration gradient
- the greater the difference the faster the spread
- this is a passive proccess as it requires no energy
- diffusion is a self staining reaction therefor requires no energy
- the cell membrane controls the movement in and out of the cell
- the cell membrane
- it is semi permeable
- this means it will only allow cearitn substances through
- an example would be a mussel cell it lets oxygen carbon dioxide and water through but not without active transport
- this means it will only allow cearitn substances through
- it is semi permeable
- osmosis
- this is diffusion with only liquids
- photosyntheis
- green plants make their own food through photosynis
- this process turns light energy into chemical energy
- equation symbol 6H20+6CO2--> C6H12O6+ 6O2
- don't forget to put light energy on top of the arrow and chlorophyll underneath the arrow
- the leaf is where this proces is mainly happens
- cells involved in photosynthesis
- palisade mesophyll layer
- this is where most of he cells that contain chlorophyll are so this is the main sight for photosynthesis
- vascular tissue
- this is the xylem wich carry water and the phlome with carry sugars
- spongy mesophyll layer
- this layer is for the transpiration of water and the diffusion of gasses such as carbon dioxide and oxygen
- Air spaces provide a large surface area for gaseous exchange
- this layer is for the transpiration of water and the diffusion of gasses such as carbon dioxide and oxygen
- stoma
- pores that open and close to allow
- palisade mesophyll layer
- diffusion
- unit B4 part 2
- in a plant two sets of vascular bundles carry sugars minerals and water throughout the plant
- the other vascular bundle is called phloem this has the job of carrying sugars and minerals round the whole plant
- this process also takes glucose from the leaves round the plant
- the other vascular bundle is called phloem this has the job of carrying sugars and minerals round the whole plant
- transpiration
- this is how leaves lose water to the environment
- most water is lost through the stomata however some is still lost through the waxy cuticle layer at the top and the lower cuticle layer
- one way of measure in the rate of transpiration is by using a piece of equipment called a bubble pedometer
- factor affecting transpiration
- air movement = wind blows away water vapour around the leaf as diffusion is quickened
- air humidity = the less humid it is the more water is given to the environment because of diffusion
- temperature = hot weather more water evaporates so higher transportation rates
- soil water = less water in the soil less transpiration
- less light a night time there fore less CO2 needed for photosynthesis so stomata close causing a lower transpiration rate
- guard cells open and close the stoma their fore control what goes in and out of the cell
- these affect transpiration as the can close decreasing the rate of transpiration
- plants need minerals
- phosphorous deficiency
- this is important in the plant without it their is poor root growth and almost no chlorophyll as such the plant cannot photosynthesises properly
- nitrogen deficiency
- they cannot make chlorophyll so barely develop as such leaves go yellow and their is poor root growth
- potassium deficiency
- has bad root growth has yellow leaves with brown splodges and tends to die prematurely and has poor flower growth
- magnesium deficiency
- causes yellow leaves
- phosphorous deficiency
- in a plant two sets of vascular bundles carry sugars minerals and water throughout the plant
- decay
- earthworms maggots and wood lice are called detritivores as they feed on decaying material
- they increase the rate of decay by breaking up the decaying material leaving more surface area for the microbes to break the materials down
- ways of increasing decay
- by increasing the amount of oxygen the bacteria will divide faster so decay will be quicker
- if you increase he temperature to the optimum temperature than the enzymes will work better as such they will speed up the breakdown of the decay
- moisture this will creat the conditions that detritivores like so decay will go faster
- earthworms maggots and wood lice are called detritivores as they feed on decaying material
- preserving food
- can it make it air tight so no bacteria can get to the food
- add salt rids of all water causing the bacteria to die
- add salt has same effect as adding sugar
- add salt rids of all water causing the bacteria to die
- pickle it ph too low so it kills the bacteria
- freeze or cool it stops the bacteria from dividing puts them in a sort of temporary stasis
- unit b4
- photosyntheis
- green plants make their own food through photosynis
- this process turns light energy into chemical energy
- equation symbol 6H20+6CO2--> C6H12O6+ 6O2
- don't forget to put light energy on top of the arrow and chlorophyll underneath the arrow
- the leaf is where this proces is mainly happens
- cells involved in photosynthesis
- palisade mesophyll layer
- this is where most of he cells that contain chlorophyll are so this is the main sight for photosynthesis
- vascular tissue
- this is the xylem wich carry water and the phlome with carry sugars
- spongy mesophyll layer
- this layer is for the transpiration of water and the diffusion of gasses such as carbon dioxide and oxygen
- Air spaces provide a large surface area for gaseous exchange
- this layer is for the transpiration of water and the diffusion of gasses such as carbon dioxide and oxygen
- stoma
- pores that open and close to allow
- palisade mesophyll layer
Comments
No comments have yet been made