biology unit 2
- Created by: 10carterj
- Created on: 19-03-15 09:12
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- BIOLOGY UNIT 2
- cells, organs and populations
- cells
- plant
- all animal parts.
- with a few extras like, cell walls, permanent vacuole and chloroplasts.
- all animal parts.
- animal
- nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
- yeast
- single celled organism
- bacterial
- have no nucleus, gene strands
- diffusion
- diffusion is the passive movement of particles down the concentration gradient occurring in liquids and gases
- works in cells to move useful things across a semi permeable membrane (cell membrane). tings like
- oxygen, glucose, amino acids and water
- unit 2 does not require you to know of osmosis
- oxygen, glucose, amino acids and water
- specialised cells
- guard cells
- guard cells are designed to open and close pores
- blood cells
- white
- white blood cells are a big part of the immune system.
- white blood cells create anti toxins and anti bodies which fight off diseases. they also perform phagocytosis, which is literally eating the pahtogens
- white blood cells are a big part of the immune system.
- red
- designed not to carry blood but to carry oxygen, has a dimpled surface to increase surface area
- white
- gametes
- sperm
- specilised to 'swim' to the egg to bond with it. strong tail to move and loads of mitochondria to make energy. the dna is in the head
- egg
- main functions are to carry the female dna and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages. the egg contains huge food reserves to feed the embryo
- sperm
- palisade cells
- designed for support of the plant. has a cell wall to do the job of bones in humans
- guard cells
- plant
- cell organisation
- goes
- cell, tissue organs, organ system, organism
- goes
- photosynthesis........................... this ones a biggy
- equation
- CO2 +water
- =
- oxygen +glucose
- =
- CO2 +water
- rate of photosynthesis
- almost always a question on it
- rate of photosynthesis has three limiting factors
- light
- lack of light slows it down
- temperature
- temperature has to be just right, too cold enzymes dont work properly, too hot and they just denature
- co2
- lack of co2 slows it down
- light
- equation
- how do plants use glucose
- there is 5 ways that plants use glucose
- seeds
- for cellulose/cell wall
- making proteins
- for respiration
- making starch
- there is 5 ways that plants use glucose
- distribution
- basically where stuff lives
- uses of samples like random
- and stratified. which is where you sample every given amount, for example every 5 meters in a given direction. and keep that the same.
- cells
- enzymes and gentics
- enzymes
- enzymes are biological catalysts
- something that speeds up reactions by providing a different approach
- enzymes in digestion
- amylase converts starch into sugars
- its found in saliva, the pancreas and the small intestine
- protease converts proteins into amino acids
- it is found in the stomach (where it is called pepsin), its also in the pancreas, and the small intestine
- lipase breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
- found in the pancreas and small intestine
- amylase converts starch into sugars
- enzymes are biological catalysts
- respiration
- aerobic
- with oxygen
- anaerobic
- without oxygen
- builds up an oxygen debt
- oxygen debt is where the body doesnt have any oxygen for the muscles so when exercise is finished it takes in all the oxygen it needed a moment ago
- anaerobic respiration creates lactic acid which burns the muscles
- the eqaution is the reverse of the photosynthesis one
- aerobic
- enzymes
- cells, organs and populations
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