Biology: Its A Green World
- Created by: William Page-Brown
- Created on: 08-04-13 16:58
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- Biology: its a green world
- estimating population sizes
- use quadrat and scale up
- capture - mark - pecapture - estimate
- population size = number in first sample x number in second sample / number in second sample previously marked
- sample size affects accuracy
- ecosystems and distributions of organisms
- an ecosystem is all the organisms in an area
- self supporting apart from sun
- investigate distribution using transects
- zonation
- abiotic factors: light, temperature, water, oxygen, salinity, salt level, soil quality
- organisms are adapted to live in certain environments
- biodiversity
- variation between individuals
- different species
- different habitats
- natural ecosystems have a higher biodiversity
- photosynthesis
- 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
- carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
- for respiration, cell walls, seeds, starch, makes proteins
- understanding photosynthesis
- plants gain mass from soil minerals
- plants gain mass from water
- plants produce oxygen
- more on photosynthesis
- oxygen produced in photosynthesis comes from water
- no light - no photosynthesis
- no carbon dioxide - no photosynthesis
- too cold or too hot - no photosynthesis
- diffusion
- gradual movement from high to low concentration
- diffusion happens in liquid and water
- rate: distance, concentration difference, surface area
- leaves and diffusion
- plants carrry out photosynthesis and respiration
- leaves and photosynthesis
- adaptions: broad, thin, stomata, guard cells, air spaces
- leaves have a network of vascular bundles
- osmosis
- osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high to low concentration
- turgor pressure helps support the plant tissues
- animal cells are inelastic
- if an animal cell takes on too much water it bursts
- transport systems in plants
- phloem tubes transport food
- xylem vessels take water up
- root cross, stem cross, leaf cross
- water flow through plants
- root hairs take in water by osmosis
- a large surface area allows more water absorbtion
- transpirationis the loss of water from the plant
- transpiration rates increased by: more light, higher temperature, increase in air movement, decrease in humidity
- plants need to balance water loss with water uptake
- minerals needed for healthy growth
- nitrates make amino acids and proteins
- phosphates help respiration and growth
- potassium help enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration
- magnesium is also needed in small amounts
- decay
- things decay due to microorganisms
- detritivores and saprophytes feed on decaying material
- preservation: canning, cooling, freezing, drying, salt, vinegar
- intensive farming
- used to produce more food
- using herbicides to kill weeds, pesticides to kill insects, and battery farming
- hydroponics is where plants are grown without soil
- can destroy environment, due to pesticides and fertilisers
- pesticides and biological control
- pesticides can kill animals vital in a food chain
- biological control uses living things rather than chemicals
- advantages:no chemicals, no repeating
- disadvantages: predator may not eat pest, could eat useful species, population may increase, may spread
- alternatives to intensive farming
- organic fertilizers better for environment
- crop rotation stops pests building up
- weeding involves no chemicals
- varying seed planting times avoids major perst
- biological control
- advantages:fewer chemicals, better for environment ethical treatment of animals
- disadvantages: more space used, more labour intensive, cant grow as much food
- estimating population sizes
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