AQA double award additional science biology cell keywords

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Biology Cells
- General Cells
  - Nucleus
    - genetic material / controlling cell
  - Cytoplasm
    - where the majority of chemical processes are controlled by enzymes
  - Cell Membrane
    - Controls the substances that move in and out of the cel
  - Mitochondria
    - the majority of energy is released here through respiration
  - Ribosomes
    - Where protein synthesis is prdouced
- Plant Cells
  - cell wall
    - it strengthens the cell
  - Chloroplasts
    - chlorophyll which absorbs light energy used in photosynthesis
  - permanent vacoule
    - filled with sap to keep the cell turgid
- Specialsized Cells
  - A specialised cell is where the structure of the cell is adapted to the function it must carry out
  - leaf
    - This cell is packed full of chloroplasts so it can absorb plenty of light energy for photosynthesis. The cell has a regular shape and is closely packed together with other leaf cells to absorb light energy efficiently.
  - sperm
    - A sperm cell's function is to fertilize an egg cell (female gamete).
  - red blood cell
    - This cell is adapted to contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells
  - roots
    - The function of a root hair cell is to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil
This cell is packed full of chloroplasts so it can absorb plenty of light energy for photosynthesis. The cell has a regular shape and is closely packed together with other leaf cells to absorb light energy efficiently.

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