Biology - B4
- Created by: H
- Created on: 16-05-13 18:01
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- Biology - B4
- Features of All Living Things
- MRS GREN
- Movement
- Respiration
- Sensitivity
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Excreation
- Nutrition
- MRS GREN
- Enzymes
- Define: Enzyme - the catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living things
- They are proteins - Large molecules that are made up of long chain amino acids
- The reaction takes place in the ACTIVE SITE
- Lock & Key model
- Keeping Prime Conditions for Enzymes
- Optimum Temperature 37 degrees
- Denatured The shape of the Active Site is changed
- Optimum PH
- Salivary Amylase 4.8
- Pepsin 2.0
- Catalyse 7.6
- Optimum Temperature 37 degrees
- Enzymes at Work in Plants
- Photosynthesis, plants made all molecules the need for growth
- Glucose carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- photosynthesis takes place in the Chloroplasts
- Purposes of glucose
- Making other chemicals needed for growth
- storing energy in starch molecules
- Releasing energy in repiration
- Diffusion & Gas Exchange in Plants
- Diffusion moving from a high concentration to a low concentration
- Photosynthesis special structures allow chemicals oexcess chemicals to be diffused
- Stomata, small holes which allow CO2 in and O2 out
- Minerals from the Soil
- To make proteins you need Nitrogen
- Mostly plants take this from nitrogen ions in the sol
- These are absorbed by Root Hair Cells
- Nitrate Ions are absorbed by active transport
- Moving from area of LOW to HIGH concentration, moved by energy
- Mostly plants take this from nitrogen ions in the sol
- To make proteins you need Nitrogen
- Osmosis
- Osmosis is diffusion of Water Molecules
- Again from a HIGH to LOW concentration
- Low Concentration means a dilute solution
- Glucose is stored as starch as GLUCOSE is a carbohydrate and is insoluble. Starch is smaller
- The rate of Photosynthesis
- Faster, increase light intensity
- Limiting Factor
- increase light intensity may reduce water etc
- CO2 Levels
- By increasing the CO2 concentration does not affect the rate of photosynthesis
- Environments and Adaptations
- Habitats change the rate of growth
- Energy for Life
- Aerobic Respiration
- Normal Breathing
- Glucose reacts with food to make energy
- All respiration releases energy from glucose
- Polymers of Glucose are made of Starch and Cellulose
- Aerobic Respiration
- Anaerobic Respiration
- Glucose -> lactic acid
- For when Oxygen is limited
- For short periods of time
- Plants use when roots are waterlogged etc.
- Anaerobic Respiration is used in Yeast and ethanol is produced instead of lactic acid
- Useful Products
- Bioethanol from Sugar
- Biofuels
- Biogas from waste
- Features of All Living Things
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