Biology B3.2 (Transporting Materials)
Mindmap on AQA GCSE Biology unit B3.2. Includes the heart, circulatory system, the blood & bloodflow, transport in plants and ideas on artificial blood/hearts,
- Created by: Ethan
- Created on: 26-03-13 17:46
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- Biology B3.2 (Transporting Materials)
- The Blood
- The Blood Plasma contains:
- Red Blood Cells
- Biconcave Disks with NO NUCLEUS
- Contain the red pigment haemoglobin
- the haemoglobin combines with oxygen in the lungs to form oxyhaemoglobin
- Carry oxyhaemoglobin to all the organs where it splits into oxygen and haemoglobin
- Haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin in a reversible reaction
- the haemoglobin combines with oxygen in the lungs to form oxyhaemoglobin
- Haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin in a reversible reaction
- Adapted because; 1) lots of them 2) they contain haemoglobin 3) have no neucleas
- White Blood Cells
- Contain a necleas
- Form part of the body's defence system against micro-organisms
- Platelets
- Are small 'fragments' of cells
- Do not contain a nucleas
- Help to clot the blood at the site of a wound
- Red Blood Cells
- The Blood is a tissue
- Blood Plasma transports many substances
- CO2 from organs to the lungs
- Soluble products of digestion from small intestine to other organs
- Urea from the liver to kidneys
- The Blood Plasma contains:
- Transport In Plants
- Flowering Plants have two separate transport systems
- PHLOEM tissue carries dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant
- XYLEM tissue transports water and mineral ions
- Water is gathered by osmosis in the roots and then transported to the stem, leaves and flowers
- This creates a transpiration stream
- Water is gathered by osmosis in the roots and then transported to the stem, leaves and flowers
- Xylem transports in ONE direction, phloem are TWO-DIRECTIONAL
- Flowering Plants have two separate transport systems
- Circulatory System + the Heart
- the circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and the blood
- The heart
- Muscular organ that pumps blood around the body
- The right pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- After returning from the lungs, the left side pumps oxygenated blood around the body
- After returning from the lungs, the left side pumps oxygenated blood around the body
- The muscular heart wall is thicker on the left side because it has to pump blood all around the body
- Has 4 chambers
- Upper chambers are the left/right atria
- Lower chambers are left/right ventricles
- Valves in the heart prevent blood flow in the wrong direction.
- The Coronary Arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart
- Artificial:
- Problems
- The heart keeps blood flowing around the body. If blood vessels are blocked or too narrow blood will not flow efficiently- this deprives organs of nutrients & oxygen.
- Stents can be inserted to keep blood vessels open
- Particularly beneficial to when coronary arteries become narrowed due to fatty deposits
- Leaky valves mean blood could be flowing in the wrong direction
- Artificial or animal valves can be inserted to replace damaged valves
- Stents can be inserted to keep blood vessels open
- The heart keeps blood flowing around the body. If blood vessels are blocked or too narrow blood will not flow efficiently- this deprives organs of nutrients & oxygen.
- Blood
- The Blood
- The Blood Plasma contains:
- Red Blood Cells
- Biconcave Disks with NO NUCLEUS
- Contain the red pigment haemoglobin
- Carry oxyhaemoglobin to all the organs where it splits into oxygen and haemoglobin
- Haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin in a reversible reaction
- Haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin in a reversible reaction
- Adapted because; 1) lots of them 2) they contain haemoglobin 3) have no neucleas
- White Blood Cells
- Contain a necleas
- Form part of the body's defence system against micro-organisms
- Platelets
- Are small 'fragments' of cells
- Do not contain a nucleas
- Help to clot the blood at the site of a wound
- Red Blood Cells
- The Blood is a tissue
- Blood Plasma transports many substances
- CO2 from organs to the lungs
- Soluble products of digestion from small intestine to other organs
- Urea from the liver to kidneys
- The Blood Plasma contains:
- Plasma + Saline solution
- Saline is sterile salt water
- plasma carries dissolved oxygen
- Doesn't clot blood or fight diseases
- Haemoglobin Based
- Haemoglobin is taken from human or animal blood
- Doesn't contain red blood cells
- Carries more oxygen than normal blood
- Broken down quickly (20-30 hours)
- Perflucarbons (PFC's)
- White entirely synthetic substances- often given to people with cancer
- Non-reactive but carry gases
- Do not dissolve in water- so are difficult to get into the blood
- Blood from donors can be transfused into humans to increase blood volume
- Donated blood must be refrigerated
- The Blood
- Hearts
- Artificial hearts are used for people waiting for a normal heart
- Plastic hearts are extremely delicate and are sowed into the patient
- Advantages / Disadvantages;
- Many people are helped
- Untitled
- Are only temporary
- Many people are helped
- Lack of donors for real hearts so artificial ones have to be developed
- Problems
- Blood Flow
- Arteries
- Carry blood away from the heart
- Have thick walls containing muscle and elastic tissue
- Because of the high pressure of the blood
- Capileries
- Narrow, thin walled (a single cell thick) vessels
- Carry the blood through organs and allow for exchange of substances with all living cells
- Problems
- The heart keeps blood flowing around the body. If blood vessels are blocked or too narrow blood will not flow efficiently- this deprives organs of nutrients & oxygen.
- Stents can be inserted to keep blood vessels open
- Particularly beneficial to when coronary arteries become narrowed due to fatty deposits
- Leaky valves mean blood could be flowing in the wrong direction
- Artificial or animal valves can be inserted to replace damaged valves
- Stents can be inserted to keep blood vessels open
- The heart keeps blood flowing around the body. If blood vessels are blocked or too narrow blood will not flow efficiently- this deprives organs of nutrients & oxygen.
- Veins
- Often have valves to prevent backflow of blood
- Have thinner walls than arteries
- Arteries
- The Blood
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