Biology - Keeping Healthy
Concerns healthy eating and defending agianst disease.
Hope it's useful.
- Created by: Ashleigh
- Created on: 29-12-12 13:58
View mindmap
- Keeping Healthy
- Diet and Exercise
- Nutrients: a mixture of different food types is needed to maintain health.
- Carbohydrates
- Potatoes, Pasta, Bread, Rice, and Sugar
- a source of energy for all life processes
- Potatoes, Pasta, Bread, Rice, and Sugar
- Proteins
- Meat, Fish, Eggs and Cheese
- For growth and repair of cells
- Meat, Fish, Eggs and Cheese
- Fats
- Cheese, Butter, Margarine and Oils
- A stored source of energy for all life processes. Also it is needed to build cell membranes and insulate our bodies
- Cheese, Butter, Margarine and Oils
- Minerals and Vitamins
- Fruit and Vegetables
- Healthy functioning of the body
- Fruit and Vegetables
- Fibres (wholegrain wheat) helps digestive system
- Water, helps absorption and chemical reactions
- Carbohydrates
- Imbalanced diets causes people malnourished
- Too little food = Underweight = Malnourished
- Leads to deficiency diseases
- Too much food = overweight = Malnourished
- Leads to deficiency diseases
- Too little food = Underweight = Malnourished
- If someone's diet consists of food with a lower energy content than the amount of energy there lose due to life processes then they will lose weight
- Respiration is a chemical reaction that allows cells to release energy from food
- The metabolic rate is the speed of which these chemical reactions take place
- Diet and Exercise
- Nutrients: a mixture of different food types is needed to maintain health.
- Carbohydrates
- Potatoes, Pasta, Bread, Rice, and Sugar
- a source of energy for all life processes
- Potatoes, Pasta, Bread, Rice, and Sugar
- Proteins
- Meat, Fish, Eggs and Cheese
- For growth and repair of cells
- Meat, Fish, Eggs and Cheese
- Fats
- Cheese, Butter, Margarine and Oils
- A stored source of energy for all life processes. Also it is needed to build cell membranes and insulate our bodies
- Cheese, Butter, Margarine and Oils
- Minerals and Vitamins
- Fruit and Vegetables
- Healthy functioning of the body
- Fruit and Vegetables
- Fibres (wholegrain wheat) helps digestive system
- Water, helps absorption and chemical reactions
- Carbohydrates
- Imbalanced diets causes people malnourished
- Too little food = Underweight = Malnourished
- Too much food = overweight = Malnourished
- Too little food = Underweight = Malnourished
- If someone's diet consists of food with a lower energy content than the amount of energy there lose due to life processes then they will lose weight
- Respiration is a chemical reaction that allows cells to release energy from food
- The metabolic rate is the speed of which these chemical reactions take place
- This varies due to factors such as age, gender and inheritence
- It is also affected by the proportion of Muscle:Fat and amount of exercise is done.
- This varies due to factors such as age, gender and inheritence
- Exercise builds muscle and muscle needs more energy than fatty tissue.
- The metabolic rate increases when we exercise and stays high for a while afterwards therefore people who exercise regularity are usually healthier
- It is also affected by the proportion of Muscle:Fat and amount of exercise is done.
- Exercise builds muscle and muscle needs more energy than fatty tissue.
- It is also affected by the proportion of Muscle:Fat and amount of exercise is done.
- The metabolic rate is the speed of which these chemical reactions take place
- The cholesterol level can affect health too.
- White waxy subtance made in the liver
- Needed to build healthy cell membranes and make sex hormones
- The cholesterol level can affect health too.
- White waxy subtance made in the liver
- Needed to build healthy cell membranes and make sex hormones
- In every cell in the body
- Needed to build healthy cell membranes and make sex hormones
- Too much cholesterol in the blood increases chances of heart attack and diseases arteries
- White waxy subtance made in the liver
- The cholesterol level can affect health too.
- In every cell in the body
- Needed to build healthy cell membranes and make sex hormones
- Too much cholesterol in the blood increases chances of heart attack and diseases arteries
- White waxy subtance made in the liver
- Nutrients: a mixture of different food types is needed to maintain health.
- The metabolic rate increases when we exercise and stays high for a while afterwards therefore people who exercise regularity are usually healthier
- Diet and Exercise
- The metabolic rate is the speed of which these chemical reactions take place
- Nutrients: a mixture of different food types is needed to maintain health.
- Defending against disease
- Pathogens are micro-organisms that cause diseases
- Bacteria are microscopic organisms
- They come in many diverse shapes and sizes but are still all very small
- Bacteria are living cells and, in favourable conditions, can multiply rapidly
- Once inside the body they release toxins that cause illnesses
- Food poisoning, Whooping cough, Sore throat, and Cholera
- Viruses are much much smaller than Bacteria, in fact they are the smallest micro-organism known
- Bacteria are microscopic organisms
- They come in many diverse shapes and sizes but are still all very small
- Bacteria are living cells and, in favourable conditions, can multiply rapidly
- Once inside the body they release toxins that cause illnesses
- Food poisoning, Whooping cough, Sore throat, and Cholera
- Consist of a fragment of genetic material inside a protective protein coat
- Can only reproduce inside host cells, this is damaging to the cell
- Once in a cell, the virus takes over and produces '1000000' copies of it's self
- Can only reproduce inside host cells, this is damaging to the cell
- Eventually the copies fill the whole cell which then bursts, the viruses are then passed out of the body
- Once in a cell, the virus takes over and produces '1000000' copies of it's self
- Once in a cell, the virus takes over and produces '1000000' copies of it's self
- Common cold, Flu, Measles, rubella, AIDs and Chicken poxs
- Bacteria are microscopic organisms
- Bacteria are microscopic organisms
- White blood cells:
- ingest pathogens and destroy them
- Produce antibodies to destroy particular pathogens
- Pathogens contain certain chemicals that are foreign to the body. These chemicals are called antigens. Certain white blood cells, called lymphocytes, can produce specific antibodies to kill a particular pathogen.
- Antibodies can bind to pathogens and damage or destroy them or they can coat pathogens and clump them so they can be easily disgusted
- Each lymphocyte produces a specific type of antibody - a protein that has a chemical 'fit' to a certain antigen. When a lymphocyte with the appropriate antibody meets the antigen, the lymphocyte reproduces quickly and makes many copies of the antibody to kill the pathogen.
- Produce antibodies to destroy particular pathogens
- Pathogens contain certain chemicals that are foreign to the body. These chemicals are called antigens. Certain white blood cells, called lymphocytes, can produce specific antibodies to kill a particular pathogen.
- Antibodies can bind to pathogens and damage or destroy them or they can coat pathogens and clump them so they can be easily disgusted
- Each lymphocyte produces a specific type of antibody - a protein that has a chemical 'fit' to a certain antigen. When a lymphocyte with the appropriate antibody meets the antigen, the lymphocyte reproduces quickly and makes many copies of the antibody to kill the pathogen.
- Each lymphocyte produces a specific type of antibody - a protein that has a chemical 'fit' to a certain antigen. When a lymphocyte with the appropriate antibody meets the antigen, the lymphocyte reproduces quickly and makes many copies of the antibody to kill the pathogen.
- Antibodies can bind to pathogens and damage or destroy them or they can coat pathogens and clump them so they can be easily disgusted
- Pathogens contain certain chemicals that are foreign to the body. These chemicals are called antigens. Certain white blood cells, called lymphocytes, can produce specific antibodies to kill a particular pathogen.
- Produce antibodies to destroy particular pathogens
- Each lymphocyte produces a specific type of antibody - a protein that has a chemical 'fit' to a certain antigen. When a lymphocyte with the appropriate antibody meets the antigen, the lymphocyte reproduces quickly and makes many copies of the antibody to kill the pathogen.
- Antibodies can bind to pathogens and damage or destroy them or they can coat pathogens and clump them so they can be easily disgusted
- Pathogens contain certain chemicals that are foreign to the body. These chemicals are called antigens. Certain white blood cells, called lymphocytes, can produce specific antibodies to kill a particular pathogen.
- Produce antitoxins which counteract the toxins released by bacterias
- antibodies and antitoxins are not living thing they are specialised proteins
- antibodies and antitoxins are not living thing they are specialised proteins
- vaccinations
- Vaccination causes the body to produce enough white blood cells to protect itself against a pathogen.
- Antibiotics are effective against bacteria, but not against viruses.
- Viruses are much much smaller than Bacteria, in fact they are the smallest micro-organism known
- Consist of a fragment of genetic material inside a protective protein coat
- Eventually the copies fill the whole cell which then bursts, the viruses are then passed out of the body
- Common cold, Flu, Measles, rubella, AIDs and Chicken poxs
- Viruses are much much smaller than Bacteria, in fact they are the smallest micro-organism known
- Some strains of bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. So people can be immunised against a pathogen through vaccination.
- Natural selection
- Different vaccines are needed for different pathogens.
- Vaccination involves putting a small amount of an inactive form of a pathogen, or dead pathogen, into the body.
- These act as antigens
- When injected into the body, they stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies against the pathogen
- If the person does get infected by the pathogen later, their body can respond in the same way as if they had had the disease before
- If a large proportion of the population is immune to a particular pathogen, the spread of that pathogen is greatly reduced.
- If the person does get infected by the pathogen later, their body can respond in the same way as if they had had the disease before
- When injected into the body, they stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies against the pathogen
- These act as antigens
- Vaccines can contain:
- Live pathogens treated to make them harmless
- Harmless fragments of the pathogen
- Dead pathogens
- Hygiene
- In the 19th century, Ignaz Semmelweiss realised the importance of cleanliness in hospitals.
- Semmelweiss insisted that doctors should wash their hands before examining patients, something that was not common at the time.
- This policy greatly reduced the number of deaths from infectious diseases in his hospital.
- Unfortunately, although his ideas were successful, they were ignored at the time because people did not know that diseases were caused by pathogens that could be killed.
- In the 19th century, Ignaz Semmelweiss realised the importance of cleanliness in hospitals.
- Semmelweiss insisted that doctors should wash their hands before examining patients, something that was not common at the time.
- This policy greatly reduced the number of deaths from infectious diseases in his hospital.
- Unfortunately, although his ideas were successful, they were ignored at the time because people did not know that diseases were caused by pathogens that could be killed.
- Unfortunately, although his ideas were successful, they were ignored at the time because people did not know that diseases were caused by pathogens that could be killed.
- This policy greatly reduced the number of deaths from infectious diseases in his hospital.
- Semmelweiss insisted that doctors should wash their hands before examining patients, something that was not common at the time.
- In the 19th century, Ignaz Semmelweiss realised the importance of cleanliness in hospitals.
- Unfortunately, although his ideas were successful, they were ignored at the time because people did not know that diseases were caused by pathogens that could be killed.
- This policy greatly reduced the number of deaths from infectious diseases in his hospital.
- Semmelweiss insisted that doctors should wash their hands before examining patients, something that was not common at the time.
- In the 19th century, Ignaz Semmelweiss realised the importance of cleanliness in hospitals.
- Pathogens are micro-organisms that cause diseases
- Diet and Exercise
Comments
Report