Biology keywords
- Created by: clementalexander
- Created on: 18-03-19 07:30
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- biology keywords
- Stem cell
- A cell of a human embryo or adult bone marrow that has the ability to differentiate.
- In vitro fertilisation (IVF)
- A technique in which egg cells are fertilised outside the female body.
- Cystic fibrosis
- A recessive hereditary disorder that mainly affects the lungs and digestive system.
- Phenotype
- The characteristics shown by an individual.
- Genotype
- The genetic make-up of an organism.
- Allele
- An alternative form of a particular gene.
- Chromosome
- A long molecule found in the nucleus of all cells containing DNA.
- Gene
- A small section of DNA of a chromosome that determines a particular characteristic.
- Bacteria
- Single-celled microorganisms with no nucleus.
- Fungi
- A group of organisms including mushrooms, toadstools and yeasts.
- Virus
- A tiny microorganism with a very simple structure that is reliant on using a cell's machinery to reproduce.
- Antibody
- Produced by white blood cells to inactivate disease-causing microorganisms.
- Mutation
- A spontaneous change in the genetic code of a cell.
- Artery
- A muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
- Vein
- A blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart.
- Capillary
- A blood vessel that connects arteries to veins; where the exchange of materials takes place.
- Hypothalamus
- The part of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis.
- Species
- Similar organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
- Photosynthesis
- The chemical process that takes place in green plants where water combines with carbon dioxide to produce glucose using light.
- Autotroph
- An organism that makes its own food.
- Evolution
- The gradual process of adaptation of a species over generations.
- Mutation
- A spontaneous change in the genetic code of a cell.
- Selective breeding
- The production of new varieties of animals and plants by artificial selection.
- Biodiversity
- The range of species in an environment.
- Organelles
- The different parts of a cell's structure.
- Enzyme
- A protein that speeds up that rate of reaction in living organisms (a catalyst in living things).
- Polymer
- A large molecule made up from many similar units (monomers).
- Chlorophyll
- The green pigment found in most plants; responsible for photosynthesis.
- Active transport
- The movement of a substance against a concentration gradient.
- Mitosis
- The cell division that forms two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- Meiosis
- The cell division that forms daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- Gamete
- A specialised sex cell formed by meiosis.
- Zygote
- A cell formed by the fusion of the nuclei of a male sex cell and a female sex cell (gametes).
- Meristem
- An area where unspecialised cells divide, producing plant growth.
- Auxin
- A plant hormone that affects the growth and development of a plant.
- Stimulus
- A change in an organism's environment.
- Neuron
- A specialised cell that transmits electrical messages or nerve impulses when stimulated.
- Effector
- The part of the body, e.g. a muscle or a gland, which produces a response to a stimulus.
- Synapse
- A small gap between adjacent neurons.
- Conditioned reflex
- A reflex action brought about by a learned stimulus.
- Cerebral cortex
- The part of the human brain most concerned with intelligence, memory, language and consciousness.
- Bone
- Rigid connective tissue that makes up the human skeleton.
- Muscle
- Tissue that can contract and relax to produce movement.
- Ligament
- The tissue that connects a bone to a joint.
- Tendon
- Tissue that connects a muscle to a bone.
- Stem cell
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