Biology Chapter 4 - Part 2

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  • Biology Chapter 4 - Part 2
    • The effect of exercise on the body
      • Muscles need more energy so they can contract
        • You need to increase the rate at which oxygen and glucose reach the muscle cells
      • Heart rate increases and blood vessels supplying the muscles dilate
        • Allows more blood containing oxygen and glucose  to reach muscles
      • Breathing depth and rate increases to take in and let out more O2 and CO2
      • Muscles store glucose as glycogen which can be converted back to glucose when exercising
    • Anaerobic respiration
      • If you use your muscles over a long period, they will get tired and stop contracting efficiently
      • The glucose is not completely broken down and lactic acid is produced
        • Less energy is released from the glucose
        • Blood flowing through the muscles removes the lactic acid
      • (HUMANS) Glucose = lactic acid
        • C6H12O6 = 2C3H6O3
      • (PLANTS) Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide
        • C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
        • Some microorganisms such as bacteria produce lactic acid
    • Oxygen dept
      • When exercise has finished, the lactic acid must be completely broken down which needs a lot of oxygen
        • The extra oxygen needed is known as oxygen dept
      • Eventually oxygen oxidises lactic acid into CO2 and H2O
        • Lactic acid + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

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