Cell Organisation
- Created by: xxha_naxx
- Created on: 30-05-18 00:12
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- Biology - B3
- Enzymes
- pH
- Can affect the shape of the active site of an enzyme and make it work very efficiently or stop it from working
- Temperature
- High temps denature the enzyme, changing the shape of the active site
- At low temps, enzyme reactions are slow and they speed up as the temp rises until at optimum temp.
- High temps denature the enzyme, changing the shape of the active site
- Amylase
- Carbohydrases (such as amylase) Catalyses the breakdown of Carbohydrates into simple sugars
- Takes place in mouth and small intestine
- Carbohydrases (such as amylase) Catalyses the breakdown of Carbohydrates into simple sugars
- Lipase
- Catalyses the breakdown of Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
- Take place in the small intestine
- Catalyses the breakdown of Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
- Protease
- Catalyses the breakdown of Proteins into amino acids
- Takes place in the stomach and small intestine
- Proteins are polymers made by joining together small molecules of amino acids
- Catalyses the breakdown of Proteins into amino acids
- pH
- Organisation
- Organs
- A collection of Tissues . For e.g the Stomach is an Organ and it contains Muscular, Glandular and Epithelial Tissue
- The Pancreas is an Organ that makes Hormones and makes Enzymes
- A collection of Tissues . For e.g the Stomach is an Organ and it contains Muscular, Glandular and Epithelial Tissue
- Organ system
- A number of Organs working together.
- Tissues
- A group of cells with similar cell structure and function working together
- Muscular tissue - to churn the food in the stomach
- Glandular tissue - to produce digestive juices including acid and enzymes
- Epithelial tissue - to cover the inner and outer surfaces of the stomach
- Glandular tissue - to produce digestive juices including acid and enzymes
- Muscular tissue - to churn the food in the stomach
- A group of cells with similar cell structure and function working together
- Organisms
- Organ systems work together to form Organisms.
- Organs
- Digestive System
- How it works?
- Food is digested in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
- Digested food is abosored into the bloodstream by villi in the small intestine
- excess water is absorbed back into the body by osmosis in the large intestine
- Any undigested food passes out of the anus as faeces when we go to the toilet
- excess water is absorbed back into the body by osmosis in the large intestine
- Digested food is abosored into the bloodstream by villi in the small intestine
- Food is digested in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
- The stomach
- Changing pH in the stomach
- Hydrochloric acid gives the stomach a low pH suitable for the protease secreted (released) there to work efficiently
- How does acid in the stomach increase the efficiency of Pepsin?
- The stomach produces HCI. This helps to begin digestion, and kills bacteria. The enzymes int he stomach work best in acidic conditions (At a low pH)
- Changing pH in the stomach
- The small Intestine
- Bile is squirted onto it through the bile duct. the bile neutralises the acid and makes it alkaine
- Digested food molecules are absorbed into the small intestine
- The inside of the intestine is lined with tiny villi. These stick out and give a large surface area
- The villi contains blood capillaries to carry away the absorbed food molecules
- The villi has a rich blood supply. The blood supply has a lower concentration of food molecules and so diffusion happens quickly
- The villi contains blood capillaries to carry away the absorbed food molecules
- The inside of the intestine is lined with tiny villi. These stick out and give a large surface area
- Adaptation
- Being very long, having villi to increase the surface area, digestive enzymes and bile that help breakdown the food
- Bile
- Bile emulsifies the fats into tiny droplets and Neutralises the acid
- Alkaline Bile neutralises the acid and gives a high pH for the enzymes form the pancreas and small intestine to work well
- Produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder. Released through the bile duct
- How does Bile increase the efficiency of fat digestion?
- The liver produces Bile which emulsifies fats. This will increase the rate at which the fat is digested by Lipase.
- How it works?
- Practicals
- Testing for Starch
- Iodine test - Yellow/red Iodine solution turns blue/black if Starch is present
- Testing for Protein
- Biuret test - Blue Biuret reagent turn purple if Protein is present
- Testing for Sugars
- Benedicts test - blue benedicts solution turns brick red if a sugar is present
- Testing for Lipids
- Ethanol test - gives a cloudy white layer is Lipid is present.
- pH on the rate of reaction of Amylase on Starch
- Untitled
- Testing for Starch
- Enzymes
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