Biology
- Created by: AOconnor
- Created on: 12-05-18 16:31
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- Biology
- Response to exercise
- Heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase to supply muscles with oxygenated blood
- If insufficient blood is supplied, anaerobic respiration takes place
- Incomplete oxidation of glucose causes lactic acid to build up and creates oxygen debt
- Blood transports lactic aid to liver to be converted into glucose
- Oxygen debt is amount of extra oxygen needed after exercises too react with lactic acid and remove it from cells
- Incomplete oxidation of glucose causes lactic acid to build up and creates oxygen debt
- Metabolism
- Sum of all chemical reactions in cell/body
- Cell cycle/mitosis
- Genetic material doubled and number of sub-cellular structures increases
- Chromosomes line up in centres of cell
- Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles via spindle fibres
- Nucleus divides along with cytoplasm and cell membrane
- Forms two identical daughter cells
- Nucleus divides along with cytoplasm and cell membrane
- Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles via spindle fibres
- Chromosomes line up in centres of cell
- Importance
- growth and development of organism
- Repair damaged tissues
- Genetic material doubled and number of sub-cellular structures increases
- Stem cells
- Undifferentiated cell capable of giving rise to many more cells
- Stem cells from adult bone marrow can form many types of cells
- Stem cells from human embryos can differentiate to form most types of human cell
- therapeutic cloning = embryo is produced with same genes as patient
- Meristem tissue in plants can differentiate into any plant cell
- Rare species can be cloned to prevent extinction
- Crop plants can be cloned to produce large numbers of identical ones for farmers
- Treatment can help paralysis and diabetes
- Undifferentiated cell capable of giving rise to many more cells
- Culturing microorganisms
- Bacteria multiply by binary fission if they have enough nutrients and a suitable temp.
- Bacteria can be grown in nutrient broth solution or as colonies on agar gel plate
- Uncontaminated cultures are used to investigate action of disinfectants and antibiotics
- Practical
- Petri dish and culture media sterilised
- sterilise inoculating loop via flame
- Used to transfer microorganism to media
- sterilise inoculating loop via flame
- Secure dish with tape and store upside down
- Incubate at 25*C
- Petri dish and culture media sterilised
- Bacteria multiply by binary fission if they have enough nutrients and a suitable temp.
- Response to exercise
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