Biological molecules
- Created by: Andrei stephen
- Created on: 02-12-13 16:11
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- Biological molecules
- carbohydrates
- one test used for carbohydrates is the benedict's test for reducing sugars
- bonds in carbohydrates
- glycosidic bonds
- split by hydrolysis reactions
- hydrogen
- weak bonds easily broken used in plants to join cellulose chains together
- glycosidic bonds
- proteins
- the test for proteins is the biuret test
- enzymes
- enzymes can break to molecules apart or join them together
- bonds
- primary structure: amino acids joined together in long chains
- secondary structure: these chains then curl up to form alpha helix or beta pleated sheets all held together by hydrogen bonds
- teitry structure is created by 3 bond types ionic, disulphide bridges which are covalent bonds between two sulphur atoms and hydrogen bonds
- collagen
- prosthetic groups a these are not naturally part of the enzyme and are added on for example the heam Fe2+ group in red blood cells
- nucleotides
- bonds
- the organic base dioxyribose sugar and the phosphate all join together by condensation reactions
- the chains of nucleotides are also created by a condensation reaction between a phosphate group of one nucleotide and the dioxyribose sugar of another nucleotide
- the a=t has a double bond the G=C has a triple bond
- RNA uses a ribose sugar rather than a dioxyribose sugar
- purines
- adenine
- pyridmines
- cytosine
- bonds
- lipids
- tests for
- the emulsion test
- bonds
- phospholipids the phosphate group is covalently bonded to the third oh group
- tests for
- water
- water uses hydrogen bonds as well as two covalent bonds as oxygen is more electronegative it has a slight delta negative charge while the hydrogen's have a slight positive charge
- carbohydrates
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